Culture- IBM v. Trilogy :: miscellaneous

Culture- IBM v. TrilogyWhenever ii or more people come together with a sh ard purpose, they variety show a culture with its own written and unwritten rules for behavior. Our families, workplaces and communities all defy cultures. These cultures have a tremendous, though rargonly recognized, impact upon our behavior as individuals, and as groups. Each cultural environment provides a somewhat strange set of standards to which we must adapt. Our behavioral patterns change dramatically from cultural stage setting to cultural context. For example, on the trading we are expected to behave in accordance with certain social standards. Expectations about behaviors at work unremarkably differ from what is expected of us in our kitchens and in our bedrooms. We may not choose to behave in accordance with our cultures, but if we choose not to go along, we must be prepared for ongoing consequences. When we select goals for ourselves that transgress the culture, we must either change the cu lture or endure a never-ending struggle. Id like to illustrate the seeming similarities, and the actual differences, between the cultures of ii organizations- Trilogy and IBM. This comparison is unique in that it points out the major similarities between cardinal very different organizations. IBM with its 200,000+ employees is a virtual giant compared to Trilogy with just nether 1,000 employees. How can these two cultures be so strikingly similar? live industry recruiting trends follow whats desirable to college graduates Were fast approaching the millenium, and the freshly buzz-words are PEOPLE, PEOPLE, PEOPLE But, while some(prenominal) companies boast to potential hires of freedom and friendship, many of those same companies fall short of following through with their promises. Realistically, there are limitations that come with having over 200,000 employees. Likewise, there are limitations with having only 1,000 employees. How do these two companies stack up in comparison? S o, what are the desired job traits that college graduates are looking for? To name a few Personal and master key increase Opportunities Flexible hours and freedom Likable teammates Personal and Professional Growth Opportunities Its not surprising that todays companies place emphasis on employee growth. As juvenile graduates, new hires are accustomed to a constant stream of new knowledge and skills. Obviously this learning has led to great success, so why stop there? Recent graduates are well aware of the grandeur of marketability. To ensure a secure career outlook, continued training and be are a must.

Personal Communication Ethic :: Ethics Communication Skills Speech Essays

Personal Communication EthicI feel that that the best stylus to persuade flock is with your ears by hearing to them. Feeling this way, I ground my personal communication ethical code on listening. If all you do is talk, therefore you probably dont have too some(prenominal) friends. I know that when I am interrupted in mid-sentence I feel like punching the early(a) person. I feel as if the other person doesnt give a care in the world about what I think, and not altogether does that take away any respect I had for that person, but it hurts my feelings.Here, I have the TOP TEN WORST EXCUSES NOT TO LISTEN 10. It would tramp my chances for Americas Funniest Home Videos 9. I enjoy fighting over misunderstandings 8. My spouse will expect me to do it all the time 7. I like the dispute of doing a project for the boss when I dont have a speck whats wanted 6. Ignorance is bliss 5. Two words Political speeches (Im sorry, thats a faithful excuse) 4. It gives me a chance to use my cre ativity to fill in the blanks 3. I forget what Im going to say if I listen 2. Congress doesnt wherefore should I? 1. People might think I care auditory modality to obtain sensory stimulation or enjoyment through the plant life or experiences of others, seat promote effective listening skills within the family unit. In this connection, through the use of storytelling, families can ultimately develop and refine listening skills and promote a rich sojourn of the past. This is one way you can practice listening is at home. I hope you have knowing something through this speech and I hope you can use this ethic in your life.Thank youPart II 2 Your emotional and physiologic state will influence the meaning you give to your perceptions. The sight of stabbing clams may be physically upsetting when you have a stomachache, but mouth watering when youre hungry. Also, perceiving only the positive in people that you like and only the negative in the people that you do not lik e is called bias. Be aware of perceptual evaluations influenced by your own biases. 3 Self-concept differs in different situations and at different times through many different ways. One way would be through others images of you.

First Cars Ltd Essay

Critical avenue abbreviation is a system that is used to plan out the many activities involved in a range to be able to find the more or less efficient modality of bonk it and how to complete it on metre.From a research and development leg of view, the decision to go ahead with this project relies solely on the detailed course of action compend provided by Amy J mavens. In light of this, the operations manager is rightly concerned about how valuable the entropy provided by the tiny roadway analytic thinking is. The arguments for and against seem to be match.Therefore, I present the most significant argument of how valuable a decisive path analysis which is how Amys data imparts the business to be have a take place insinuate of when and where money is spent in the project. This mingys that the comminuted path analysis will help first-class honours degree Cars plc with their cash flux which would allow them subsequently to be able to plan out careful pass to watch they are able to fund the project. This would allow them to under go an investment appraisal before starting the project as they as well as have specific dates in which each part of the development would be ready.This is vital because of First Cars plcs limited financial reserves it would stand for they would be able workout the pay abide period and the average lay out of return which could hold still for they are able to work out pass judgment profits for the coming year from the which would mean shareholders would feel happier with the business as they are able to see a absorb direction in which the business is improving, but most grandly it will show if the project is viable as they will be able to know how cursorily it will allow the business to generate cash quickly to ensure they do not face a poor cash flow situation which could see the business dipping into liquidation.An other potential benefit of victimisation critical path analysis is that it allows such an important project to be planned thoroughly in order to make sure everything is holy properly and on conviction. This is important because the business has a very clear deadline to make (August 2010) any issues which could mean they are not reached on time would result in the business failing to reach this deadline. Amy makes it clear that it is important to enter this market early to ensure a real hawkish market position because this is so vital it allows the critical path analysis to be used constructively to ensure everyone keeps to the same deadlines, this is because the tasks on the critical path analysis are completed by various other departments meaning the business has a Matrix structure so whence it is important to highlight how important it is to reach deadlines and a clear outline on what deadlines should be met and how long the project teams have to reach them because at that place could be confusion due to the overlapping authority which is held in a Matrix struct ure.On the other hand, there is evidence that makes the credibility of the critical path analysis doubted. The most important argument living this would be the accuracy of the training provided in the diagram. In the case study it says information provided by Amy Jones because of this it is hard to determine if the numbers are correct. Whilst it is important to repute that this is a completely new venture and there are scarce any competitors there is relatively no previous data to be obtained from competitors, because of this Amy has no where to be able to validate her own data with which could be worrying to the Operations Director because these numbers could have been come up with in thin air with no chance in naive realism to be reached on time. This concern could stem from the fact that all the data comes from Amy, who is pushing this project exceedingly hard to get through in to production. As the business is relying on this proposal to put the business back on to the roa d of success having only a critical path analysis could be of none value at all to First Cars plc.Another argument doubting the value of critical path analysis in this proposal is that most of the activities to take place are not in Amys marketing division which could mean she could underestimate the time needed to complete other tasks resulting in the time needed to complete the project being set back by many weeks. Which could mean they do not reach their important deadline of August 2010 which could possibly mean that they have thrown the whole project down the drain this is because it is exceedingly important for the business that they reach the deadline if they want to become a strong competitor in the given market. Not only could the project be in jeopardy but the whole of the business if any of the deadlines arent met because it would put them in a poor state regarding their cash flow. entirely in all, even though the argument seems to be relevantly balanced I believe there is a lot to loss on this project, a considerably amount more than what is at stake to be gained. The project is so unsafe for a business which is already assay to survive. I think that First Car plc needs to hold chevvy and invest in a project which will guarantee to tot in profits and cash quickly rather than one that is extremely risky with no previous data to compare it on and one that entails extremely high costs cars could be sitting around for old age or even weeks in expensive city centres with staff having nix to do, I suspect it could be a seasonal business in regards to when someone might want a car and what for. Due to the reasons to a higher place I believe that in this case the value of the critical path analysis is extremely poor and that other factors need to be taken in to consideration, I would have liked to have seen more supporting evidence of the payback figures.

Human Motivation Essay

On page 227 of your text you entrust find Figure 8-6. let cardinal scenarios for two different supposed(p) community showing the two realizable come oncomes, two possible paths for the a similar frustrated need. Summarize the two, comparing and contrasting the experiences in the scenarios. Create a box table for each with summaries for each. Then, provide, in paragraph format, an explicit definition of similarities and differences. Each table should guide two explanations a coarse with descriptions and references to your text and/or some otherwise readings. Cite exclusively references following correct APA agency (5th edition).             In rationaliseing the manner of nation, we start our description with reference to whatsoever genial of alive(p) driving staff office the somebody seeks, the individualistic wants, the individual apprehensions. Various psychologists delimit motivation, in other words, as the drivin g force behind our doings (Atkinson, et al. 1983). Smith, et al. labels their discussion on motivation as the why of behavior (1982). Why does the tardy student in mathematics spend the rest of the period of clip outside instead of inside the mathematics classroom? Emotions or soaked feelings usually accomp whatever motivated behavior.  Often, emotions direct behavior toward goals (Atkinson, et al. 1983). This paper before long describes and let offs the origin/ca ingestions, and distinction of motivation and different scenarios linking motivation and other concepts.            Motives, gibe to Marx, originate either from a biological or a physiologic source, or from an environmental go. A motive whitethorn arise from a biological need for food or water which volition bm an individual to seek food when hungry or drink when thirsty. The tissues of the world body need these to function continuously. It lead cease to live with out capable nourishment. The hormonal sub lieus in the blood which conductivate true decompose of the neural system be other biological sources, for instance, the sex drive which is collectible to the presence of horm peerlesss secreted by the reproductive glands, the ovaries (in the female), and the testes present in the male (1976).            Moreover, motives whitethorn to a fault be cause by environmental influence. We react strongly to complaisant acceptance so we want to acquire an appliance or any other thing that we see in others especially if we finish grant them. Companies offering high salaries attract employees from other firms that give low salary (Atkinson, et al. 1983).            A predominant view is that kind motivation comes from either a small number of staple urges or even one basic urge and that all aspire for family prestige, social status, and security (Morr is and Maisto, 1999, p. 315).Internal and external Classification of demand            psychology recognizes different perspectives of motivation. One of these view forecasts pertains to the idea of motivational inducements, otherwise known as fillips. Incentives be referenced from either the costly point of internal, or that of external motivation. An inducement coming from within the individual is chew the fated intrinsic or internal motivation. It is, fit to Morris and Maisto, closely the . . . desire to transact a behavior that originates within the individual. An inducement coming from outside the individual is called external or extrinsic motivation. It is the aspiration to do or come across a goal in order to acquire a flake of incentives or escape or steer clear of punishment (Morris and Maisto, 1999, p.316).Children argon often induced by the presence of external incentives to perform judge tasks or avoid incurring punishment. For motivation experts, however, a somebody ontogeny the internal type of motivation get out reap more(prenominal)(prenominal) constant and beneficial effects compared with external motivation (1999). To induce a squirt to do what the parents ask for by self-assurance of rewards or scourges are at times less constructive or even detrimental to the overall performance of the person or sister.Fear is a strong dowery of forgiving motivation. Explain the numerous roles of tutelage in both positivistic and negative impact situations on human motivation you fo under canvas this term. Be particularized and cite all references in correct APA trend (5th edition). Create real-life ex angstromles for each role of solicitude to support your position(s). Develop your scenarios to implicate the application of speculation. Thoroughly develop your scenario.             Fear is defined as a distressing emotion aroused by i mpending risk of exposure, evil or pain a specific instance of or propensity for veneration fretfulness or anxiety, solicitude (Random House Websters Dictionary, 4th Ed.). Where fear is concerned, though it is deemed as a negative emotional state by more, life pass on become unreal. This paper willinging try to formulate why fear is essential to an individuals healthy outlook. slowness on the polarities of this particular affect, one will see the necessity of this kind of emotion which is attended by the bodys amygdala.Although social psychological science literature is extensive, on that point are yet inconclusive evidences as to how fear actually mould towards its verificatory effect. Volumes of literature attest to both positive and negative effects of fear especially in its role to convince. Because of this, it is really important that one examines the specific instances where fear can be tell to be effective in positive manner as darling as in a negative way. The following scenarios will, at the least, ornament where fear is helpful, and where it is detrimental or destructive.            In the national of anti-nuclear recruiting to raise concern on a possible nuclear holocaust, it is said that the matter about nuclear use is so prevalent these days that common deal, when presented with the threat of its use, tend to shrug off the idea and need to be convinced(p) of the d enkindle it poses (Sandman & Valenti, 1986). Why the indifference?  Inspite of the campaigns of nuclear Armageddon, the majority of people still seemed to be apathetic about any threat at all. Perhaps, according to studies, people already get beyond fear to numbness. In the study by Sandman and Valenti, the authors said that this has something to do with what they termed as in all likelihood feature versus horrible consequence.They cited as an example the success of drunken driving campaigns collectable to the l ikelihood of losing ones drivers license kinda than losing a life (which is an instance of horrible consequence). How is this so? These authors said that to terrorise a person who is already afraid will be of no use to that person. The likelihood of a horrible consequence, probably to practiced about people, is non that immediate. The common response is apathy. So the best approach to this situation according to Sandman and Valenti is reassurance-the reinforcement of what they call the cardinal antidotes namely, anger, hope, love and meet.This implies simply that fear in this instance is negative in effect. Fear has to be reduced when it comes to scenarios like recruiting people to take up commitment and/or advocacy towards certain important matters of concern like the threat of nuclear war.  To sustain the cause, the four aforementioned agenda will be the likely steps taken rather than inducing fear or terrorizing the terrorized with more terror (Sandman & Valenti, 19 86).            It is withal maintained that fear is indispensable and a fact of life. If on the noseice be told, more often, studies would show its efficacy in persuading people to action or to some to change their minds on something or someone. This happens to political campaigns where some PR managers become household names also due to their dexterity to introduce a virtually unknown person and catapult them to nonoriety. This may entail a positive or negative implication, depending on the perceptions of people and the motives or machinations of those wanting to be in the lime set out. How will fear address be very effective and its use in persuasive intercourse be ethically and morally unspoilt or justified? hither is a scenario a certain school whose graduating class of 29 students filed a complaint on one of its faculty, citing misconduct unbecoming of someone in authority on the basis of corruption.They submitted a detailed account of what transpired during a semester with this certain professor in their part. When confronted with the dean regarding the response made by the professor, and the possibility of court cases filed against the whole class, the students decided to draw off a abjuration of their complaints. Their lame excuse was that given their navet or inexperience, the college and the regime (including the accused professor) then investigating them, should look into the charges they made against the professor as mere questions in need of answers and non as accusatory gestures that are morally and professionally damaging to the concerned professor. They have decided to pull in, corporately, because their advisor enlightened them of the repercussions of their written complaint (i.e., possible non- step, and a host of other possible consequences).This is a picture of an effective fear appeal. Their retraction did non mean they have changed their prejudiced mind against the professor, ra ther, their immediate concern is their graduation which is barely two months away, and the possibility of a smeared reputation when time comes they will be applying for work. This illustration gives an example of the kind of fear appeal where the symbolize feign (Das, 2001) is applied. The students in the illustration responded to this appeal positively, although it was only short term. They responded positively because they had their graduation in mind which is upcoming.            As Enny Das states it, human beings act the way they do because of underlying motivations (Das, 2001). Fear is an important factor in the way people act and decide. In the first scenario, fear is visualised as negative in effect to certain cases such as anti nuclear campaigns recruitment. According to social scientists, there are behavioral and attitudinal changes that work temporarily and others permanently or in a large length of time. Where the first sc enario is concerned, advocates for the awareness of anti-nuclear holocaust and recruitment of activists for their cause have this business before them how to convince people from their numbness to action and outride on with it.As Sandman and Valenti proposed it, the procedures they advocated, instead of high dose of fear, a good measure of reassurance ground on anger, love, hope and action, (4 antidotes of numbness) should be followed (Sandman, Valenti, 1986). This makes sense according to the Dual-process model, where it is postulated that systematic processing of a persuasive pass will result in more stable attitudes, intentions, and behavior (Das, 2001). However, people should perceive a certain degree of possible threat/danger if they are to process the information systematically and hence, maintain a long term co pin go throughg of that threat/danger.            The second scenario is best explained based on the Stage model of fe ar appeals. It assumes that individuals process the information on a heuristic processing of subsequently presented recommendation which is predictably less fixed in a period of time (Das, 2001). Considering that the second scenario, referring to their decision to retract from their complaints only because of an impending graduation which is threatened by the case they filed on the alleged professor, is actually a very unstable decision, and pull inably will only weaken in the passing of time (Das, 2001).            The study of fear and its effects continue to arrest curiosity and interest as good as confusion. There needs to be more studies to discover how the concomitant of attitude and behavioral changes where fear appeals are concerned, affects decision devising whether positively, to the advantage of the individual, or negatively, to the detriment or disadvantages of the one paralyzed by fear. It is false that scenarios like th ese will continue to attract both enthusiasts and experts alike in the study of behavior.Explain the role of learning in human motivation. Provide at least three (3) examples that specifically tie learning to human motivation and the reduction of stress, improved happiness, and self-esteem. (Three separate scenarios.) Your explanation should be good developed and the examples should be specific. Cite all references in correct APA style (5th edition).             Motivation is behind every behavior. The principle of cause-effect is apparent in the study of motivation and behavior motivation is the cause or the why, and behavior is the effect. Thus it is motivation that gives direction and thrust to our behavior. Without motivation, behavior may not occur (Halonen and Santrock, 1999).            A common family friend one day told me she cute my advice, whether shell break up with her boyfriend o r stay on with him and reside for him to change. Her problem was that whenever they disagree or press out, her boyfriend (well call him Raymond) ends up pinching her to the point that he was actually physically hurting her. It is something very interesting to regain about because of all things that a man would do to his sweet centre, pinching her seems strange and extraordinary. I couldnt help asking her why Raymond is that way. What are the forces behind this plainly love and hate relationship? What drives Raymond to do this precise act towards his daughter? Did he learn it or is it innate?            Psychology seeks to understand human behavior with the following 4 or 5 goals in mind. These are description, explanation, prediction, control, and improvement (Atkinson et al, 2000). Analyzing the given scenario with my friend, I just was able to describe the impression and the occasions that led him to do it. However, it does not suf fice to say that just because he is hurt in some ways by his young woman that he would resort to doing such a thing as pinching. It would be a lot clearer if we start to examine his behavior in the light of possible reasons basing on the need theory and the learning theory (Halonen and Santrock, 1999).1.      learn Theory             A need is defined as a specific state within the organism that may activate behavior to see the need they are often related to the depletion of essential body substances a state or condition which indicates the lack or something vital or desired which the organism will strive to obtain it can also mean the existence of an unpleasant condition, which has to be relieved or eliminated.            In the case of Raymond, his pinching behavior can be interpreted as his way of relieving or eliminating an unpleasant feeling or condition (i.e. he has a nger management problem that he couldnt guide his emotions to a more benign and less destructive manner), that unless he gets it off his system, a more violent reaction might occur, so the pinching is for him so minor, that he can do it anytime to his girlfriend. Usually, in cases like Raymonds behavior, the individual does not occupy the skills in channeling strong and powerful emotions and communicating such in the right manner.2.      Learning Theory Observational or Social Learning             To explain Raymonds behavior, I will start by elaborating on the theory by Bandura and alongside illustrating and illuminating the behavior of the pinching individual.            Social learning theoriser Albert Bandura has run experiments that show we acquire operants by observing the behavior of others. We may need some practice to refine the skills we acquire by observation. We may choose to allow these skills to lie latent. For example, we may not imitate vulturous behavior unless we are provoked and believe that we are more likely to be rewarded than punished for it. Observational learning may account for most human learning. It is not mechanically acquired through reinforcement. We can learn by observation without engaging in overt responses at all. It appears sufficient to contribute attention to the behavior of others. To explain how this occurs, Bandura suggests that four mental processes must be in operation these processes are necessity for observation learning (Bandura, 1986).            Attention. The commentator must pay attention to what the model says or does.In all likelihood, Raymond may have spent his younger days in the give and example of a mother who actually specifically would pinch him whenever he misbehaves. belike, those old age were for him troublesome, knowing that a mother oftent imes displays this behavior or act out of sheer frustration, at times not because the child actually misbehaves. He was probably doing what every normal child would do that time. His mother could have been laden with so many things to do and lacked the labor or time to understand the needs of her children (Bandura, 1986).            Memory. The observer must investment trust or remember the information so that it can be retrieved and used later. In Raymonds case, because he practically grew up in the proscenium wall strings of his mother, its not surprising that he would manifest many characteristics of his mother. Raymonds memory would necessarily be traced back to the years he had experienced under her (Bandura, 1986).            Imitation. The observer must be able to use the remembered information to guide his or her own actions and thus imitate the models behavior. Although Raymond has no w a choice over his acts whenever he felt up provoked, he seemed tied to the responses his mother made years ago, thus displaying the alike behavior (Bandura, 1986).            Motivation. The observer must have some reason, reinforcement, or incentive to perform the models behaviors. Raymond must probably feel that the pinching is excusable and quite normal because that was what hed experienced with his mother. When he felt being provoked by the girlfriend, the physical reaction could have been a natural consequence to him (Bandura, 1986).            The major theories presented here have helped us understand the kind of behavior that the person in the scenario was doing towards the girl. Theories have their way of making us comprehend things, situations and behavior better. Because of this, we are able to make necessary adjustments, and lessen potential conflicts at the very least. It allow s us also the fortune to gain insights on the way people behave, what makes them tick, or what sets them off.A happen upon element in Human Motivation involves ones cogency apply existing knowledge to a problem. We call this creativity. Your text actually provides a process of creativity. Your task is to Delineate a real-life problem associated with your work or something you have experienced. You must define this problem completely. Make yourself a disinterested observer and omit no detail. Synthesize the data. DeBono (1970, 1987) terms this process purpose redundancies and calls it lateral thinking. You are going to identify patterns in your scenario. This is the heart of the original process. Then, you will suspend judgment leave your opinions of the situation out of the process. Think of this as a game and devise at least three (3) options for your scenario. Last, explain how motivation is linked in each of the options.           &nbs p  The real-life problem that is to be explored here has something to do with two colleagues who play serious parts or roles in the energisings of office work. Their mutual animosity has exceeded civility that it has engulfed us their co-workers, and even each of our respective families. Whenever they are around, all of us have to make sure that no favoritism is shown to any. Nevertheless, it is precisely this stance that further places the rest of us in trouble. One of the antagonists, lets call him troy weight the Rat, is the senior of the rest of us who are in this segment. His archenemy, whom he name-calls as the trying-hard to look like tough guy, we call Bart. Bart is not your typical officemate also. He is not the very plainspoken and gregarious, happy-go-lucky person nor the touchy type. But he knows malice if he meets one. Their problem is already more than ten years old. They have had their first series of encounters that ended up in lawsuit. Their relationship di dnt improve, expectedly, afterwards that period. This time around, the matter between them was revived and had escalated with another series of lawsuits. I was caught in the middle of this conflict as much as the others in the department. troy weight the rat precious us to take his side to pin Bart down saying that the latter was a malicious person bent on destroying a reputable colleague whose work and influence had made contributions though not as much as that of Troy. Bart, on the other hand, was knowledgeable about the manipulations and tongue wagging unimaginable in the host that Troy had been doing all these years to put Bart outside the group, or the inner circle in the institution where he had been first. In my judgment, though Bart had lapses of his own, I have not encountered nor observed him as a person who had as much malevolence as Troy. Both had wanted anyone of us in the department to sympathize and rally to either of their causes, and overtly, not one of us showed to the rest of the institution that we had taken sides. However, privately, we had our sympathies for Bart because his wrench is not that extensive as Troy Barts fight was just almost always to defend himself in the wake of the accusations that Troy had tried to hurl against him.Synthesize the data. DeBono (as cited in Franken, 2007) terms this process finding redundancies and calls it lateral thinking. You are going to identify patterns in your scenario. This is the heart of the creative process.            The whole scenario with Troy, Bart and the rest of us in the department entangled in the dispute reached its peak just a few months ago. Recently, Troy because of his belief that we were not deeply supportive of him, accused the whole department of conspiracy against him. Although he had the appearance of respectability, Troy however, is a very good actor, who plays his part well. Because his accusation of conspiracy was not effecti ve, he tried other ways. Through text messages and sarcasm he began to intimidate each of us personally and privately. He somehow managed to know some important flesh out or weaknesses in each of us to weaken us down. Members of our department were at our lowest point in the working relationship and morale within the work. It was a very difficult time.            The problem with these two colleagues did not just start with any one of them as individuals although their idiosyncrasies and even their personal, family or private lives are for sure crucial factors in the dynamics of office work. Looking at the whole dilemma from start to the more upstart clashes, Troy and Barts conflict which now involved us, was firstly, a leadership responsibility. If then, during the primordial times that those who oversee the department had keen reasonableness of peoples behavioral inclinations or types, who cared enough to address the early signs o f trouble that arises in a specific workplace, and had the decisive facility to subvert certain boundaries and discipline either or both of them and those involved then, this was surely a thing of the past. What the person (Troy or Bart) was certainly has bearing in whatever will continue to develop in future relationships, responsibilities, and possible frictions that normally are present in any work setting.Then, you will suspend judgment leave your opinions of the situation out of the process. Think of this as a game and devise at least three (3) options for your scenario. go over both Troy and Bart. Impose sanctions for the way the conflict between them had been allowed to escalate. Probably suggest suspension, leave of absence for a definite period of time so the whole office can breathe.Because I am not the department head, a meeting is to occur (or a series of meetings) just for the sole purpose of brainstorming on the viable alternatives to restore the two to a more civil relationship. If they will not acquiesce to what will be decided by the group, then everyone in the department will make a resolution to recommend the two for further investigation by the institutions disciplinary council and even propose their release should they not accede to the department/institutions guidelines or decisions. convey them to fight their battles between them because they are adults and can fend for each of themselves. Last, explain how motivation is linked in each of the options.The implications for option one is that when there is outright or decisive action to make the two answerable for the fiasco will provide a sharp curb to their on-going hostility. In understanding human nature, when a persons egotism is touched with matters that the case between Troy and Bart will be exposed as behaving like children and needed to be out rightly disciplined, it will unmask their vulnerability to societys approval and disapproval. This is based on Affiliation motive, and what they will lose is Esprit de corps-the feeling of being part of a sympathetic group, only this time, not just one of them will stand lose it, but the both of them (Morris & Maisto, 1999, p.318)This has something to do with Maslows hierarchy of needs. What will happen here is to make the threat of losing years of hard work and establishment of a career in one institution to end up in disgrace because then, the two should have been dismissed for the trouble they brought to the whole department. In Maslows theory, if everything that mattered to any of them is pulled under them, then they will think deep with how they will have to make compromises in order that their source of livelihood (Maslows first train Physiological needs) will be at stake. Secondly, when their sense of esteem is also threatened, then they will be pushed to think through with pulling down not only each other, but also the others in the workplace (Morris & Maisto, 1999, p.317)A sense of acceptance for m any pervades whenever clashes between people who seemed to be influential, quite strong and resistive to advices, and who have made up their minds as to the recourse they were taking. It is to understand that people have what psychology calls as Aggression motive. Some experts on human behavior look at this particular trait or behavior as an inherent force within people that is intended to be redirected to more positive or beneficial outcomes (Morris & Maisto, 1999, p.319)Conclusion            Essentially, the role of motivation in a persons life is crucial to the understanding of human activities. Motivation is never static because in life, there always presents a dynamic and changing pattern of needs. Internal and external motivation provides in brief, an discerning way of explaining the whys of peoples behaviors. No interrogate then, that in general, educators handle pupils or learners in the light of this ideation. Bibliograph yAtkinson, Rita L., Richard C. Atkinson, and Ernest R. Hilgard. 1983. display to Psychology. eighth ed., forward-looking York Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc.Das, Enny Henrica Helena Johanna . 2001. How fear Appeals Work motivational biases in the processing of fear-arousing health communications. www.library.uu.nl/digiarchief/dip/diss/1975035/inhoud.htm.Franken, Robert E. Human Motivation, 6th ed.King, N. 1970. illumination and evaluation of the two-factor theory of job satisfaction. Psychological Bulletin, 74, 18-31.Lazaro, P. M. Palma, BB. Azcona, P. Cardona, N. Chinchilla, 2000. From individual motivation to organisational compensation the physicians perspective. Annu Meet Int Soc Technol Assess Health fretfulness Int Soc Technol Assess Health Care Meet. 2000 16 224. Health Services inquiry Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain International School of Business, Barcelona, Spain. Accessed September 21, 2007 http//gateway.nlm.nih.gov/MeetingAbstracts/102271882.htm lLlewellyn, David J. 2003. The Psychology of Risk Taking. Accessed in www.risktaking.co.uk.Marx, Melvin H. 1976. Introduction to Psychology Problems, Procedures, and Principles. Columbia Collier MacMillan.Morris, Charles G., Maisto, Albert A., 1999. Understanding Psychology.4th ed., Prentice Hall New Jersey, pp.315-316.Random House Websters Dictionary. 2001. 4th Ed., Ballantine Books, New York.Sandman, Peter M., JoAnn M.Valenti. 1986. affright Stiff or Scared into Action..    Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists.New York. P.12-16 accessed in          www.psandman.comSmith, Ronald E., Sarason, I.G., and Sarason, B.R. 1982. Psychology The Frontiers of Behavior.2nd Ed. New York Harper and Row Publishers.______ . 2007. Employee motivation, the organizational environment and productivity. ACCEL. Accessed Sept. 21, 2007 <http//www.accel-team.com/motivation/index.html>_______. 2007. organisational Motivation. Chapter 4.Accessed Sept. 21, 2007.<h ttp//www.idrc.ca/en/ev-28365-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html>

Promoting Communal Harmony

Promoting common Harmony Promoting Communal Harmony In our country people belonging to diverse religions live in symmetry, entirely in that location are occasions when the common fabric gets disturbed, often on trivial issues. It is the responsibility of wholly sections of society to ensure stay and wedlock so that all round development of the country takes places rapidly. The police confuse a great role to play in forward motion of common harmony and subject sports stadium integration. They come in contact with the general creation in the process of performing their duties far more frequently because most other bodies of civil servants of the Government.In such a situation, interaction with vision, understanding, tact, pardon and humour by the police will not only install the public esteem of the police but will as well as draw out to a healthy police-public relationship, and secure the desired measures of public involvement and cooperation in promotion of commo n harmony. Keeping this in mind, the National entry for Communal Harmony (NFCH) has been organizing seminars with the aim of effective sensitization of the police officers so that they call on the torchbearers of communal harmony and national integration in their daytime to day functioning.The first such seminar was held at Haryana Police Academy, Madhuban, in August 2007 and the piece one in Mumbai in October 2007. The knowledgeableness, which is working silently for promotion of communal harmony, has also supplied reading materials on the role of police in promotion of communal harmony and national integration, constitutional and statutory provisions relating to communal harmony. These seminars have been quite successful in spreading the message of communal harmony and national integration amongst the police officers.The Foundation is an autonomous presidency registered as a society under the Societies Registration Act, 1860. It functions under the auspices of the Ministry of Home Affairs and the Union Home Minister is the Chairman of the judicature Council. The principal objectives of the Foundation is to foster communal harmony, f appreciaternity and national integration in general, and facilitate physical and psychological rehabilitation of the child victims of caste, communal, heathen or terrorist violence, in foundericular.The NFCH undertakes and assists state governments, local administration, non-governmental organizations, universities, colleges and schools, social activists, scholars, researchers and students in labor activities and programmes aimed at promoting harmony at local, state and national levels. Though thither have been some incidents of communal violence in certain States, there has been no major communal riot in any part of the country in 2007. Proactive role of the Central and State Governments prevented escalation of communal violence at Gorakhpur in Uttar Pradesh and Indore in Madhya Pradesh last year.All states are sensi ble to keep a close discoverer on the situation with communal overtones and take early steps to prevent any flare up. everywhere the last five long time the incidents of communal violence have in stages come down. The decline is attributed to the Centre closely monitoring the situation and holding a strict vigil on the activities of individuals and organizations to ensure that the situation body under control. The activities of all organizations having a bearing on maintenance of communal harmony in the country are under constant watch of the law enforcing agencies.The Communal Violence (Prevention, Control and Rehabilitation of Victims) Bill 2005 has been introduced in the Rajya Sabha. The Bill has been referred to the Department Related Standing Committee of Home Affairs. The piece of the Standing Committee, on the basis of suggestions made by several individuals and organizations with see to it to the Bill, has been received. The report and various suggestions received are being examined in the Ministry in consultation with the Ministry of Law and Justice and others for further necessary action.The Good Samaritan compete the role of a Good Samaritan, the NFCH provides financial avail to children who are orphaned or become destitute in caste, communal, ethic and terrorists violence for their allot and education. economic aid is provided at the rate of Rs. 9,600 per annum per child in A and B class cities and Rs. 9,000 per annum per child at other places without any restriction on the number of children in a family. Additional assistance at the rate of Rs. 1,800 per annum per child is all-embracing for undergoing vocational training.Children in the age group of 0-18 years (extended to 21 years in appropriate cases) whose families are below beggary line (Rs. 31,600 in urban areas and Rs. 22,400 in rural areas per family per annum) are bailable under the assistance provided they pursue their study after the age of five. Assistance is sanctioned f or 12 months at a time coinciding with the academic session of the child and is renewed on year-to-year basis. The Foundation aims at providing assistance to every single suitable child victim of violence so that such children, after receiving proper education become responsible and copious citizens.The Foundation has stepped up its liaison with State Governments for ensuring assistance to every eligible child, both in the categories of fresh cases and renewal cases. The NFCH has to necessarily depend on States and particularly District administrations for identification of orphaned or destitute children and for deference of their applications along with necessary documents. Every year awards are given by the Foundation to individual and an institution for their outstanding contribution to the cause of communal harmony and national integration.Instituted in 1997, the award has acquired an aura of its own. The Foundation is air for greater publicity for the awards so as to ensure that cases of as some(prenominal) deserving cases as possible are placed before the board for selection. Aimed at creating awareness about communal harmony and national integration, the Foundation extends assistance to state administrations and non-governmental organizations for holding debates, seminars, workshop, painting, poster, slogan or essay physical composition competition, musical and cultural programmes, kavi sammelans and mushairas.The Foundation is striving to encourage and support as many organizations as possible to take up, on a material scale activities related to promotion of communal harmony and national integration. The Foundation extends financial assistance to state/union territory administrations for organizing inter-community milans (get together) on Copernican festivals like Eid, Deepawali and Christmas subject to certain monetary ceiling. Sadbhavana clubs have been established in educational institutions to sensitize students and motivate them to work for promoting communal harmony and national integration.The clubs aim at inculcating social values like fraternity, love and peace among the young generation. They strengthen bonds of unity and affinity and promote belief in the principles of non-violence in the society. The Foundation associates itself with important inter-community festivals like Phool-Walon-Ki-Sair in Delhi, and Nauchandi festival in Meerut and Deva Mela in Barabanki, both in Uttar Pradesh, to promote better understanding among various communities. Communal Harmony Campaign Since its inception in 1992, the Foundation has been victorious active part in communal harmony campaign and has extended financial assistance of over Rs. 6 crore for rehabilitation of 8,849 children up to celestial latitude 31, 2006. It also assists non-governmental organizations under the project Cooperation and grants fellowships for undertaking research in field situation in the communally sensitive districts. The Union Home Ministry on i ts part gives Kabir Puraskar national award to those promoting communal harmony by masking physical and moral courage while saving the lives and property of members of another(prenominal) community during communal riots, caste conflicts or ethnic clashes.While Sankalp Divas is observed on October 31 every year, Qaumi Ekta Week is observed from November 19 to 25. The Home Ministry also encourages voluntary organizations to undertake activities for the cause of national integration and communal harmony through cultural shows, essay and painting competitions, inter-regional camps and exhibitions. It is the cumulative result of all these efforts that a sense of communal harmony prevails in the country by and large as is reflected in the Home Ministry statistics

Balkan Wars

The Balkan Wars represent a historical period in Greece. why are these struggles so important? Why did it occur in the initial place? Which countries are involved, and why? Moreover, what were the political, social, cultural and economic conditions of Greece tooshie then?The Balkan Wars consists of two battles that occurred from 1912 to 1913 (Papacosma 38). These wars were fought on the onset of the apparent decline of the ottoman imperium, and were founded on the neighboring countries desire to divide the territories (Perry 487). In 1908, a chemical group called the three-year-old Turks, revolted in an effort to restore the empire, but to no help (Perry 487). by and by the revolt, Bulgaria and Serbia both wanted to acquire a part in the Turkish territories in Europe, like Macedonia (Papacosma 38).Thus, both countries agreed to a pact of vulgar assistance on March 13, 1912 (Papacosma 38). On May 29, 1912, Greece make an symmetry with Bulgaria (Papacosma 38). In the latt er part September of the same year, Montenegro in any case had an arrangement with Bulgaria and Serbia (Papacosma 38). Thus, the Balkan League was formed it consisted of Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece and Montenegro.The first Balkan War occurred when the Balkan League waged war on Turkey on October 8, 1912 (Papacosma 38). The Balkan League was successful in their endeavor, and the fairy Empire was agonistic to surrender its European territories to the Balkan League on the cubic yard of the treaty of London (Papacosma 38). This treaty was signed on May 30, 1913 (Papacosma 38).Unfortunately, the category of the territories ca practiced discord among the Balkan League (Perry 487). This disagreement was the rea watchword for the second Balkan War. Bulgaria objected Greece and Serbias claims to Macedonia (Papacosma 38). On June 30, 1913, Bulgaria attacked its spring allies (Papacosma 38). Soon later on, Romania and Turkey joined forces with Greece and Serbia to fight Bulgaria (Papaco sma 38). Bulgaria was earnestly defeated, and was strained to sign the Treaty of Bucharest, which removed all of Bulgarias impudently acquired territories (Papacosma 38).The overall condition of Greece during the period of the Balkan Wars was problematic. It was nance George who governed Greece at that time, and as a vector sum of the war, Thessaloniki became a Greek territory (Barrett). In March 1913, it was in Thessaloniki where ability George was assassinated (Barrett). Constantine I assumed the throne soon after (Barrett). thence in that location was the presence of Eleftherios Venizelos, who became prime minister three historic period introductory (Barrett).Venizelos had many supporters, but it did not include the king (Barrett). Venizelos resigned on June 1913, and was choose again only to be forced to resign on October (Barrett). In Thessaloniki, Venizelos formed a provisional government of the modern Hellas (Barrett). Meanwhile, King Constantines government was attacked by the French and British because they want Greece to join the war (Barrett). This forced the king to leave Greece, and was soon replaced by Alexander, the second son of George (Barrett).The initiation of the 20th century found the navy of Greece in a shortsighted state. At that time, Greece only had three battleships and several torpedo boats (Barrett). Fortunately, there was a battleship that the Italian navy purchased, but did not use (Barrett). Greece bought the express ship, and named it after George Averof, a rich patron (Barrett). This ship was super reformative during the Balkan Wars (Barrett).Greek society was unstable as well. In 1912, villages were attacked and plundered by the Turkish army (Barrett). Many Greeks were killed and properties were destroyed. The villages that were affected include those primed(p) in Didymotichon, Adrianopoli and Malgara (Barrett).Hence, amidst social distress and political instability, Greece came to war to fight the queer E mpire. It was then victorious, not only in the war, but also in improving the current state that Greece was in.Works CitedBarrett, Matt. Venizelos and the Asia Minor Catastrophe. History of Greece. http//www.ahistoryofgreece.com/venizelos.htm.Papacosma, S. Victor. Balkan Wars. Lexicon world(a) Encyclopedia. advanced York Lexicon Publications, Inc., 1992. 38.Perry, Marvin. A History of the World. Revised ed. Boston Massachusetts Houghton Mifflin Company, 1989.Pounds, Norman. Balkans. Lexicon cosmopolitan Encyclopedia. New York Lexicon Publications, Inc., 1992. 38.Balkan WarsThe Balkan Wars represent a historical period in Greece. Why are these wars so important? Why did it occur in the first place? Which countries are involved, and why? Moreover, what were the political, social, cultural and economic conditions of Greece back then?The Balkan Wars consists of two battles that occurred from 1912 to 1913 (Papacosma 38). These wars were fought on the onset of the apparent decline of the Ottoman Empire, and were founded on the neighboring countries desire to divide the territories (Perry 487). In 1908, a group called the Young Turks, revolted in an effort to restore the empire, but to no avail (Perry 487). After the revolt, Bulgaria and Serbia both wanted to acquire a part in the Turkish territories in Europe, like Macedonia (Papacosma 38).Thus, both countries agreed to a treaty of mutual assistance on March 13, 1912 (Papacosma 38). On May 29, 1912, Greece made an agreement with Bulgaria (Papacosma 38). In the latter part September of the same year, Montenegro also had an agreement with Bulgaria and Serbia (Papacosma 38). Thus, the Balkan League was formed it consisted of Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece and Montenegro.The first Balkan War occurred when the Balkan League waged war on Turkey on October 8, 1912 (Papacosma 38). The Balkan League was successful in their endeavor, and the Ottoman Empire was forced to surrender its European territories to the Balkan League o n the grounds of the Treaty of London (Papacosma 38). This treaty was signed on May 30, 1913 (Papacosma 38).Unfortunately, the division of the territories caused disagreement among the Balkan League (Perry 487). This disagreement was the reason for the second Balkan War. Bulgaria objected Greece and Serbias claims to Macedonia (Papacosma 38). On June 30, 1913, Bulgaria attacked its former allies (Papacosma 38). Soon after, Romania and Turkey joined forces with Greece and Serbia to fight Bulgaria (Papacosma 38). Bulgaria was badly defeated, and was forced to sign the Treaty of Bucharest, which removed all of Bulgarias newly acquired territories (Papacosma 38).The overall condition of Greece during the period of the Balkan Wars was problematic. It was King George who governed Greece at that time, and as a result of the war, Thessaloniki became a Greek territory (Barrett). In March 1913, it was in Thessaloniki where King George was assassinated (Barrett). Constantine I assumed the thro ne soon after (Barrett). Then there was the presence of Eleftherios Venizelos, who became prime minister three years prior (Barrett).Venizelos had many supporters, but it did not include the king (Barrett). Venizelos resigned on June 1913, and was elected again only to be forced to resign on October (Barrett). In Thessaloniki, Venizelos formed a provisional government of the New Hellas (Barrett). Meanwhile, King Constantines government was attacked by the French and British because they want Greece to join the war (Barrett). This forced the king to leave Greece, and was soon replaced by Alexander, the second son of George (Barrett).The beginning of the 20th century found the navy of Greece in a poor state. At that time, Greece only had three battleships and several torpedo boats (Barrett). Fortunately, there was a battleship that the Italian navy purchased, but did not use (Barrett). Greece bought the said ship, and named it after George Averof, a rich patron (Barrett). This ship wa s extremely helpful during the Balkan Wars (Barrett).Greek society was unstable as well. In 1912, villages were attacked and ransacked by the Turkish army (Barrett). Many Greeks were killed and properties were destroyed. The villages that were affected include those located in Didymotichon, Adrianopoli and Malgara (Barrett).Hence, amidst social distress and political instability, Greece came to war to fight the Ottoman Empire. It was indeed victorious, not only in the war, but also in improving the current state that Greece was in.Works CitedBarrett, Matt. Venizelos and the Asia Minor Catastrophe. History of Greece. http//www.ahistoryofgreece.com/venizelos.htm.Papacosma, S. Victor. Balkan Wars. Lexicon Universal Encyclopedia. New York Lexicon Publications, Inc., 1992. 38.Perry, Marvin. A History of the World. Revised ed. Boston Massachusetts Houghton Mifflin Company, 1989.Pounds, Norman. Balkans. Lexicon Universal Encyclopedia. New York Lexicon Publications, Inc., 1992. 38.

The Possible Outcomes of Globalization

Human beings have al personal manners been dirty, corrupt, deceitful and horrible. But mankind also have some redeeming f ventureors that account for our current convey of relative peace, our ability to innovate, the ability for colossal kindness and to cargon for some different living things. All be causation distri furtherively individual person is as contrastive as the last with their take unique experiences and morals and standards that accumulate to our own incredibly different personalities and attitudes. Yet on that point ar those who believe that mark us of the things that reconstructs us s go out be a great improvement on society even when the evidence points elsewhere. There is a very clear disagreement in our society about what we should do and what the benefits of internationalisation are. Black and White sides to a very grey issue. unremarkably hatful on the right ordain say that globalization is a good thing, giving you this Claims sum up in diversit y and creativity, trade profane the farms easier and cheaper, goods conk much accessible and cheaper, and that every unitary lead be materially richer. Countries are fair to a greater extent than a manage in the sense of offering some more commonly diverse choices. -Tyler Cowen( harborer of Globalization) The other side to this are people that are decidedly on the left and they ordain say things like homogenisation of culture, loss of creativity, total loss of some cultures, people will become easier to control through advertisements, society becomes about working and keeping aimless and not living an actual life, fashions violence within people elbow grease to protect their culture. Fast food ecomes a fueling up rite only if it social or family values is what you about then its a disaster. -Benjamin Barber (advocate against globalization). Although I say most conservatives and most liberals is because some conservatives circumvent intot examine it for what is and bribe into what the businessman would say and that all cultures would get a bit of every other culture and are frightful of the blending of culture and are against it. Some liberals think that bringing specie to the third world countries, and galore(postnominal) more basiss.This is not to say that the policy- reservation spectrum doesnt play a role only when rather a major one, as most people on the right see it for what it is and support it because globalization creates wealth for the multinational corporations and destroys the native peoples culture and making them more focused on work and it becomes a win-win situation. Liberals are frightening of the corporation as once the people are on the bandwagon its very easy to keep them on it and the power of the people of those nations fall to the businesses.Another reason for concern on the part of all citizens regardless of policy-making ideologies is the outsourcing of jobs, which we are already seeing the effects of as une mployment unemployment rate paltry to 9. 5% in the U. S. , the highest level since 1983. The same thing happened around the eyeball the unemployment rate surged to record high values. -London Forex Broadsheet. My opinion is that there are gravid winnings and some very hard losses to be had.On one side it boosts the local economy and overall wealth of the certain poorer country, and privation by any measure is a horrible thing to get it on in. Unfortunately it destroys the culture that has survived for possibly thousands of years Just over 38% of global cultures are in danger of extinction or are already extinct-UNESCO and we lose some of the history that makes the world the way it is, also globalization stinkpot destroy the local environment and cause serious physical injury and sickness. About one half of the forests that espouse the res publica are gone.Each year, another 16 million hectares disappear. -globalchange. umich. edu And the only reason they live in poverty is n ot because theyre useless and lazy but because of the current global economic system we use. So overall I believe that the losses outweigh the manageable gains. The driving forces behind globalization is the corporations they first lobby the government to build an airport facial expression it will bring more tourists and money. afterwards they move in and set up factories (depending on the ethics or pressure put on them by the public) or sweatshops.So the increased tourism brings foreign ideas and technology like democracy, freedom, wealth, internet, computers, TVs, and so on After they make some money in a dangerous mine or a low paying pulverisation they buy a TV/Computer and they see what we have and they urgency it, they see our big houses and big cars and they will save up and buy one. when they do that they adopt our north american culture and they stop red ink to church because they can get more money working weekends, they decorate like we do and act like we do.They w ant to be like us so they tell their parents that their culture is dumb and look how this sore culture brought us out of poverty, and how we dont have to surcharge through garbage anymore. Once people think like this and act like this it causes other people to join them, thinking Well he has a car a house and nice clothes, why cant I have that? So as more people drop their culture and uniqueness the faster it speeds up. The possibilities of an outcome of this en masse shift towards a trades union American lifestyle are endless, but what is almost certain is the fact that 99. % of the time this will end disadvantageously and not just for the humans that live here but the whole planet. So I will propose 3 scenarios that generally cover the possible outcomes at this point in time. Scenario 1) As more and more people get cars, computers, and use more electricity the CO2 emissions increase exponentially and we get to a tipping point in the atmosphere and a cascade/domino effect ha ppens. Methane from the bottom of the ocean is released into the atmosphere and the man heats up even more.Then the Amazon burns heating it even more, etc. etc. and the world fries and after 100000 years the Earth is plunged into an ice age. By the way almost everyone died. Scenario 2) As more and more jobs are outsourced to cheaper labour the North American way of life collapses because theres no jobs and with no money you cant buy anything. Then the whole global economic market crashes and burns. World is plunged into WWIII for the be resources, nuclear bombs are launched, whole countries become uninhabitable.Billions die. Scenario 3) In a global effort we switch over to re in the rawable resources and solve the global thrust crisis and with that we are able to stabilize the economy and regain peace. It is then possible to help and provide electricity to developing countries. There are many proposed solutions to the crisis we are dealing with but just as with many other problem s many of the solutions prove to be ineffective or even more harmful. So what will it take to have a solution that will save us?Unfortunately its similarly late to have a gradual change that would allow for people to adapt comfortably to the new lifestyle that i am about to propose. We will have to do this quickly and without hesitation because the longer we wait the more painful this will be. In scenario 3 of the last paragraph is what we will have to do as currently many of the wars being fought around the world are about or were started by the need of the black gold, oil, and n sanctify to restore peace we need to switch over to a more renewable way of life especially here in North America. Not only will this reduce the incentive to kill each other over something that will become increasingly obsolete but it will also help calm the people who are furious at the way we live here because of our wastefulness. Also legislation by the government will have to be passed in order to ma ke it harder for corporations to treat people poorly and pay them less, also make them create jobs in their home (eg US, Canada, UK, etc. ) countries.Increased tourism from more money and cheaper bills will help reinforce the local cultures as people usually motivate to see the culture. Advertisements will have to be localized and not forcing the American way of life down peoples throats. I believe that this will, if not on the whole solve this issue, help out greatly. Unfortunately people cant see what is happening around them and then when they finally realize what has happened its too late, and that is the problem, why we cant solve this crisis and why we cant solve many other difficult issues that exist.The fact is that until something catastrophic happens no one will do anything about it, history shows this and as the saying goes History always repeats itself. Globalization will continue to be a problem for a very long time and when the mass world sees what has happened it w ill be too late. all we can do is support groups in foreign countries that try to sustain the culture and language of their ancestors.

Giligan Oakmont Country Club Case

Gilligan oOakmont domain edict 1 Thomas W. Gilligan University of southern atomic number 20 I t is the summer of 1996 and managework forcet must decide whether or not to alter the border habitd to trade the fiats 450 ranks. The actual fixed outlay scheme, in which management sets the convert gift for stool social stations, expands about degree of financial certainty for existing and future processs as well up as for the bludgeons financial curriculumners. However, the fixed equipment casualty musical arrangement promotes chronic imbalances mingled with the figure of members privation to leave the smart set and the numerate of entitled crowd outdidates wanting to encrypt the floor show.These imbalances create frustrations for legal campaigners, hardships for long-time decree members, difficulties in developing suit open smart members and problems for confederacy planners. Management is considering some(prenominal) selections. THE CLUB Oakmont Cou n tense up edict is a private golf and brotherly club located along the Arroyo Verdugo in northern Glendale, California. Established in 1922, Oakmont has long profferd the kind of relaxed social life prized by much southerly California families. Oakmonts mission statement reveals the clubs goals and orientation. . . to provide its members with a premium golf and inelegant club experience that includes a well maintained, highly respected and competitive golf line of reasoning an attractively designed and efficiently operated clubhouse that meets the social statuss requirements for excellent service, top-grade food and beverages and ample meeting and ranch facilities and the maintenance of the floor shows unique atmosphere of a strong and friendly family orientation. in all modern-day management issues at Oakmont be evaluated by dint of the lens of this mission statement.This end was prep ared by Thomas W. Gilligan, University of southerly California, as a bottom f or class board discussion rather than to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of an administrative situation.Oakmonts challenging 18-hole, 6,736-yard golf strain is a tough test for golfers of any ability. The course was designed by Max Behr, architect of many local courses including the angiotensin-converting enzyme at lakeshore Country Club, and modified by William group Bl, Sr. , creator of courses at the Riviera and Bel Air Country Clubs. Oakmonts course is rate of flowly the site of an bingle-year Ladies Professional Golf Association (LPGA) tournament and all oer the geezerhood has hosted many important professional and amateur events. Among the notable winners of golf tournaments held at Oakmont are Ben Hogan and Al Geiberger.Oakmonts clubhouse, which was renovated in 1995, is a 42,000 square foot, single-story structure characterized by an elegant reception area, formal dining room, private meeting and banquet rooms, a members grill, a casual dining roo m and a terrace grill for indoor and outdoor eating. In addition, on that point is a fully equipped state-of-the-art engagement room and mens and womens locker rooms. A competitive short course pool, with toddler swimming area, is open from Memorial Day through with(predicate) patience Day each year. Oakmonts assets are valued at close $13 million while its annual operating expenses are more than $3 million.Tables 1 and 2 are statements of the financial position and activities of Oakmont Country Club for fiscal years 1995 and 1996. Oakmont is organized as a non-profit corporation under the laws of the state of California. According to its bylaws, Oakmonts membership is fixed at 450 first-string members each with an equal proprietary interest in the clubs assets (Oakmont likewise has several(prenominal) non-equity membership categories). Regular members govern Oakmont through the election of a maturate of Directors (the climb on), the chief policy-making body of the club. T he table appoints members o standing and special committees and, together with the clubs ordinary Manager and senior staff, supervise the daily operations of Oakmont. Regular members also vote on the adoption of new articles or amendments to Oakmonts bylaws.THE membership PROCESSMost of Oakmonts regular members are professionals, entrepreneurs or corporate leaders who house in Glendale and the neighboring communities of La Crescenta, La Canada-Flintridge and Pasadena. Some are executives or high-ranking managers in the entertainment industries that permeate the Los Angeles basin.Many current members are children of long-time Oakmont members. Surveys conducted by the club indicate that many members consider other clubs before association Oakmont. Three nearby clubs Annandale Country Club in Pasadena, San Gabriel Country Club in San Gabriel, and lakeside Country Club in Burbank compete promptly with Oakmont for new members. Indeed, the need to provide competitive club characte ristics and amenities was a major motivation for the recent renovation of Oakmonts golf club. Regular members lack to leave Oakmont do so for a variety of reasons.Some have locomote or are readying to move to locations that would limit or anticipate their use of Oakmont. Others wish to give up their golfing privileges but carry on their association with Oakmont as social members. Some find that due to ever- changing life circumstances (e. g. , the death of a spouse), their club usage has declined and it is no longer sensible to uphold to pay the periodic membership dues, which can approach $500 even with little or no use of the club. And some are no longer economically able to divvy up the cost of membership. Historically, close to two members leave the club each month.The process of becoming a member at Oakmont is regular(prenominal) of private country and social clubs in Southern California. Prospective members are invited to fall in Oakmont by two current members (a proposer and seconder) and endorsed by five additional regular members. These prospects are then interviewed by the clubs membership delegacy and evaluated by the calling card.Eligible campaigners become members of Oakmont by remitting an grip fee to the clubs trade office. Part of the trip up fee, the dislodge fee, is apply to defray the current expenses of the club. Table 2 illustrates that the transfer fee is an important revenue source, constituting roughly 14 and 19 per centum of the clubs operating revenues in 1996 and 1995, respectively. The balance of the entrance fee, the members equity, is pay to the resigning member. Currently, the entrance fee, transfer fee and members equity are set by Oakmonts mature.This so-called fixed worth membership system is typical of social and country clubs like Oakmont and has several suited features. The fixed price system allows the venire to reliably work out transfer fees. The fixed price system also appears to provide som e certainty almost the cost of joining Oakmont to likely members and the value of members equity for members planning to resign. Since the fee structure adopted under the fixed price system is at the discretion of the display panel, it permits some flexibility in adjusting to relevant changing circumstances.For example, the vicissitudes of the Southern California saving have a large baby carriage on the propensity of members regard to resign from or join Oakmont. During the economic boom of the late eighties and prior to the recession of the azoic nineties, the carte flip-flop magnitude the entrance fee by almost 50 percent (from $34,000 in May 1989 to $50,000 in March 1992). After the recession of the early 1990s, the Board reduced the entrance fee by nearly a quarter (from $50,000 in March 1992 to $39,000 in June 1993).Changes in the entrance fee also reflect the financial requirements of construction or acquisition of new assets. Also in June 1993, the Board increase d the entrance fee by $6,700, an amount equal to the assessment levied on all current Oakmont members to take the costs of the Clubhouse renovation (note that the old entrance fee positive(p) assessment yields the new entrance fee of $45,700). Table 3 reports the entrance fee, transfer fee, and members equity for October of each year from 1989 to 1995, as well as for August of 1996.THE PROBLEMSThe fixed price membership system used at Oakmont is associated with at least(prenominal) one potentially inapplicable feature a chronic imbalance between the add up of members privation to resign and the number of eligible candidates wishing to join the club. The stretch out mainstay of Table 3 reports the number of people waiting to join (in parenthesis) or resign from Oakmont for several months during the 1989 to 1996 period. In October of 1991, there were 11 eligible candidates for membership to the club who, due to the paucity of members wishing to resign, remained eligible candi dates for at least one month.Inspection of Table 3 indicates that the number of eligible candidates waiting to join Oakmont at the end of October of 1990 and 1989 was even greater 42 and 27, respectively. Indeed, some members who paid Oakmonts highest historical entrance fee late in 1991 or early in 1992 had waited over two years to join the club. A long waiting tendency of eligible candidates wishing to enter Oakmont had its great and bad points. Some members viewed a long queue of eligible candidates as indicative of the value and exclusivity of the club.After all, it is traditionally difficult to get into a desirable social club why should Oakmont be any different? Others, however, were tumultuous by the impact of this lengthy wait on eligible candidates. both of the eligible candidates had been asked to join by current Oakmont members. Many of these members were embarrassed and queer by the lengthy wait that accompanied their invitations. In addition, some tangle that the long waiting list to enter Oakmont generated speculative eligible members individuals that declined to exercise their option to become a member when they reached the top of the list.While these two membership categories addressed some of the problems associated with the long waiting list to join Oakmont, they also created some new issues and abuses, as well. During 1992, the imbalance between the number of members wishing to resign or join Oakmont continued unabated.Paradoxically, the relationship that existed during the late 1980s and early 1990s reversed itself there were instantly more members wishing to resign than to join. The factors behind this new trend were evident. The weakening national and, especially, Southern California economy shrank the number of individuals with the discretionary income necessary to belong to a country club. Changes in the tax law in the early 1990s that reduced allowable deductions for club dues and entertainment further limited the number of pros pective members.Moreover, the average age of Oakmont members, a good predictor of the number of members wishing to resign, had increased from 55 years in 1971 to 62 years in 1996. As Table 3 reports, at the end of October of 1992 there were 10 members who wished to leave Oakmont but could not because there were no eligible candidates waiting to enter. By the end of August of 1996, this number was now 41 and the member at the top of the list to wander his membership had waited since June of 1994. Club management soon discovered that there is nothing good about a long list of members waiting to leave Oakmont.By the second half of 1994, those waiting to leave were quite bitter. These resigning members had endured the corporeal disruptions of the Clubhouse renovation, which still had a year to go and was at the time 50 percent over budget. The resigning members who had left the area thought it unfair that they be required to continue to pay monthly dues. Management tried to accommoda te these individuals by establishing another(prenominal) membership category inactive member with reduced monthly fees in exchange for the surrender of club privileges.This plan placated few resigning members. And the general negativism of the current situation accelerated the number of members wishing to resign and emaciated further still the number of prospective members wishing to enter Oakmont. Indeed, during several months in 1994 and 1995, few prospective members made inquiries and no eligible members were admitted to the club. Ironically, by the middle of 1996 the national and regional economy had recovered with a vengeance. rattling estate prices, the stock market, and national and regional employment were all climb dramatically.The Clubhouse renovation had been completed and, by all accounts, greatly increased the utility and desirability of Oakmont. Yet, the number of members wishing to resign from Oakmont continued to accumulate. All of the long-term fundamentals fo r a strong and popular club were now in place. Where were the prospective members that a modern club and healthy economy and stock market should help create? Could the allure of country club living have declined in contemporary Southern California? Or might savvy prospective members have anticipated a repair deal around the corner?THE ALTERNATIVESDuring 1996 the Board contemplated possible solutions to the membership problem. unrivaled possibility was to promote the club more effectively among prospective members. In the 1990s the Board had adopted a variety of plans to generate eligible candidates, such as offering existing members prizes for victoryful referrals (e. g. , vacations to Hawaii, free dues for trinity months). These plans had been judged to be only moderately successful and created a backlash among members who mat up that such promotions were in poor taste and counter to the Clubs recruitment goals.Some current members felt that new members should be those who fit well within the clubs niche, not those simply financially able to be Oakmont members. The renovation of CaseNet South-Western College Publishing Oakmont Country Club 5 the Clubhouse helped generate new members, as well. Following its completion there was an initial surge of interest. Some Board members felt that an aggressive promotional plan coupled with some minor improvements in the Clubs physical plant (e. . , the pool) would go far towards alleviating the membership imbalance. Many of these same Board members believed that the strengthening economy would naturally solve the current problem. Another alternative the Board considered was to reduce the entrance fee, as was done in 1992. This round-eyed solution, which was favored by some of the Boards members, was consistent with the long-time practices of the club and would require few if any changes to the administrative procedures governing the membership process.Other Board members felt that it was unfair to members wishing t o leave the club to force them to sell their memberships at a discounted fixed price. And even if the Board reduced the clubs entrance fee, what should the new fee be? Should the fee be set to generate a waiting list of eligible members, as had existed prior to 1991? If so, what was the right length waiting list? Some Board members felt that, under the current circumstances, any change in the entrance fee would have to be modified in the near hereafter and, depending on the volatility of several factors, on a periodic basis.A ternary alternative considered by the Board was to abandon the fixed price membership system altogether and adopt the so-called bollix up order to resolve the entrance fee, transfer fee and members equity of Oakmont memberships. This method had been adopted at some neighboring clubs (e. g. , San Gabriel Country Club and Lakeside Country Club) with varying success. Generally, the bobble method permits the entrance fee to change monthly as a function of the number of members wishing to enter and leave the club and the value that these members place on membership in Oakmont.Board members who favored the float method felt it would alleviate the imbalance between the number of individuals wishing to leave and enter Oakmont. They also felt that the float method would get club management out of the business of essay to guess the value of club memberships and addressing, on an ad hoc basis, the problems that might muster from lengthy waiting lists to enter or leave the club. Some Board members opposed the plan because they felt it would interject uncertainty in budgeting for transfer fee income.Others opposed the plan because they felt that membership in Oakmont was not like a piece of real estate to be transacted on the open market. These members felt memberships should be allocated by the Board, with consultation from the Membership Committee, to prospective members who would help further Oakmonts values and mission.THE DECISIONIn late September of 1996, the Board abandoned the fixed price membership system and adopted a float method to determine the entrance fee, transfer fee, and members equity of Oakmont memberships.Under the float method, a resigning member offers to sell his membership at any price he wishes. At the end of each month the Board presents these offers, from lowest to highest, to eligible candidates. Priority is given to eligible candidates ground on the submission date of their membership application. If an eligible candidate accepts the offer, the candidate remits a check in the amount of the offer to Oakmonts business office. The transfer fee is half of the offer price or $15,000, whichever is greater, with the ending constituting the resigning members equity.If an eligible candidate declines the offer, he assumes the lowest precession in the following months membership sale. A candidate can decline three offers before losing his eligibility. The highest selling price, the number of members hips transacted, and the number of remaining eligible candidates is reported each month to Oakmont members, eligible candidates and prospective members. smith and Mr. Jones, both long-time Oakmont members, submit offers to sell at $35,000 and $40,000, respectively. Currently, Mr. Brown, Mr. Black and Mr. White are the only eligible candidates. Based on the timing of their membership applications, an offer will be presented first to Mr. Brown, then to Mr. Black, and finally to Mr. White. The Board presents Mr. Smiths $35,000 offer to Mr. Brown. Since Mr. Brown declines the offer, he is placed on the bottom of next months eligible candidates list and Mr. Black is presented with Mr.Smiths offer. Mr. Black accepts, remitting a check for $35,000 to Oakmont, $17,500 of which goes to the operating budget of the club as transfer fee and $17,500 of which goes to Mr. Smith as members equity. Mr. Jones $40,000 offer is now presented to Mr. White, who declines and goes to the bottom of next mon ths eligible candidates list behind Mr. Brown. Mr. Jones $40,000 offer stands unless he advises the Board that he wishes to either withdraw or alter his offer. The Board would report that one membership changed hands at $35,000.If more than one membership had been traded, the Board would report the highest price only. Table 1 reports the monthly history of the float method at Oakmont Country Club from October of 1996 through January of 1999. This table catalogs the number of members waiting to sell their membership, the number making offers to sell, the number of offers accepted by eligible candidates, and the highest selling price. In Oakmonts 1997 yearbook Report, President Charles J. Gelhaar offered the following summary. The success of our float process continued in 1997.Our waiting-out list has been reduced from 43 to 0. We sold 34 regular memberships. The last membership sold for $57,750. Oakmonts President in 1998, David A. Werbelow, provided the following assessment. The Me mbership Committee continued the positive turnaround which began in . . . October, 1996, with the introduction of the float system. This year, every offer to sell was accepted by a buy new member the 1998 average selling price of just over $60,000 was $12,000 higher than the average of the prior year.The average age of incoming members is more than 20 years younger than retiring members, and Oakmont Country Club has securely established a niche in Southern California as a family club. The History of Oakmont Country Club, published on the clubs 75 th Anniversary in 1997, provides a more internal representation description of the events surrounding the adoption of the float method. . . . it was now time to rule another pressing problem the membership. The recession that damaged Southern California had impacted Oakmont as well. The average age of golf members had climbed to 61, and there were some 40 members waiting to get out.Unfortunately, new members were coming in at a snails pace. At one point, only one new member utilize in a three-month period. Spearheaded by 1996 Club President Olaf Falkenhagen, the idea of a floating membership fee was utilise in October, 1996. Other clubs in the area had tried it with varying success and after considerable debate at the Board level, it was time for Oakmont to try it. It was an instant success. Five new members applied immediately. Thirty five members applied in six months.A high of $60,000 was reached in May, 1997, and a waiting list to join seems a real possibility for the first time in years. The float method developed at Oakmont, referred to as the Oakmont Float, is now used by a variety of equity-based golf and social clubs in the Southern California and Las Vegas areas.

Complementing Texts: Homer’s The Odyssey and Dante’s Inferno Essay

perpetually since human beings started telling stories for entertainment or for edification, heroes be in possession of made incredible journeys against what be like impossible odds. In the beginning, heroes often these journeys to reach a aspiration, often in defiance of the gods who, for whatever reason, had obligate limits upon the main credit of the paper. In kors story, The Odyssey, this limitation is that the gods will block his tr subvert home until he speaks to the sage Tiresias.By contrast, Dante Alighieris consultation of Dante chiefly seeks to happen answers to his collections that is, knowledge, as a means to find salvation. While twain heroes interact with the sin to accomplish their aims, the stories complement each other, rather than reverberate each other. In some ways, Dantes text corrects the story put together in Homers work, making it suitable for Christian audiences. particular(prenominal) examination of texts reveals how some of these argona s differ significantly betwixt them.Some of these exits embarrass the nature of the sin itself and the heros interaction with it, the knowledge that Odysseus baffle has of the living serviceman, and the shared traffic pattern of the perdition. The Nature of the Underworld and the Heroes Interaction with It standardized Dantes pit, Homers underworld is not a pleasant browse to spend eternity. It is pitch-black and gloomy the inhabitants wealthy person dulled senses. The underworld into which Odysseus looks is blaze, not the Elysian Fields, where heroes were blessed with eternal happiness.Rather, the unhappy all of a sudden brave out there, cursed to bleak and boring introductions for the rest of eternity. The dead who exist in the pits are those who have died unburied, like Odysseus friend, Elpenor, who died falling from a scarper leading from Circes roof, as well as Tiresias and Odysseus unhappy mother. And yet, trouble of the inhabitants is one of several simi larities between the two underworlds. One interesting difference between the Homers Hades and Dantes Hell is that the stories heroes find their entrances in extremely different locations.Odysseus finds the entrance to Hades in a harbor at the western edge of the world, while Dante finds the entrance to Hell in the midst of a dark wood. While these differences might seem insignificant, they are, in truth, indicative of the different purposes behind the journeys that the heroes under cover. The harbor at the end of the world represents physical distance traveled Odysseus is on a quest to return home to Ithaca, a goal that the gods have prevented him from attaining. It is an earthly goal, however, with mensurable distances that mustiness be traversed.While the ocean that Odysseus travels renders room for a common journey with which he attempts to bring his crew home, Dantes dark wood endures a far narrower field. It is restrictive and personal, perhaps driven by the solitary natur e of Dantes quest for knowledge and redemption. The distance that Dante must travel, therefore, is not one of finite measurement rather, it exists within himself. It is a religious journey with no physical boundaries. Ultimately, this difference is magnified by the many levels of Hell, with its myriad levels, terraces, and malboges.In addition to the differing nature of the underworld as portrayed by each poet, the nature of the interaction that each hero has with the underworld and its inhabitants to a fault varies. In order to interact at all with the inhabitants of the underworld, twain heroes must make a rite of passage. Odysseus enters the region of Hades by making a credit line sacrifice of a ram, collecting its blood in a pit. Through this offering and by offering the take away supplications to the gods, Odysseus is able to call forth the souls of the dead.Being surrounded by the dead causes him to become afraid however, he regains sufficient courage to work them and t o apparent movement them. The character of Dante, however, must actually pass through the gates of Hell, abandoning believe in order to learn what he desires. Although Odysseus is in the world of the dead, he is sure enough of himself to regain control, as opposed to Dante, who relinquishes all of his control to Virgil as then enter the underworld realm. While less terrific than Odysseus actions, this submissive behavior is actually of great importance, which again is based in the heroes purpose in entering the underworld.It is absolve, that although twain heroes must enter the realm of the underworld, each for his take purpose, Odysseus does not actually travel through Hades as Dante does through Hell. Rather, the dead approach Odysseus, coming up in a crowd from Erebos young men and brides, old men who had suffered much, and quick maidens to whom sorrow was a sunrise(prenominal) thing others killed in battle, warriors clad in bloodstained armor (124) all surround his sacri ficial pit in response to the rams blood that he has offered. This difference is likewise a significant one and related to the point made above it.Although Odysseus immediately appears to be the supplicant, by making the blood offering that attracts the dead, he is also in control of it. The dead must do his offer in order to feed and give him the information that he requires. By contrast, the character of Dante physically travels into the midst of the souls of the damned. While he is under his own volition, Dante is a pilgrim, who must make an effort to gain his knowledge. He follows Virgil as Virgil leads, interacting with the souls on their own level in their own environment. This difference would also make Dantes tale more appealing to Christian audiences.Although Odysseus silken and strength were admired by the audience that lived at his time, the lesson of humility that the character of Dante some(prenominal) learns and teaches would be considered more acceptable to Aligh ieris audience. Although he is winning the initiative to learn on his own, like a proper pilgrim he is taking instruction from a master and listening to the moral lessons assemble before him. For those in the audience who recognize that he might have been contemplating suicide, Dante is also in the process of repenting. Knowledge of the Living WorldOdysseus seeks not merely wisdom from Tiresias, but he also seeks knowledge of his in store(predicate) in the living world. In truth, both Tiresias and Odysseus mother have clear knowledge of the living world, which they freely share with him in their turn. What is more, it is accurate knowledge, which allows him to work up for his future, should he ever arrive at his destination. In a sense, both Tiresias and Odysseus mother are as living beings that have merely been transported to a new innovation on an alternate plane, in that they can take initiative to see what lies ahead and then share it with him.Given that in other myths inha bitants of Hades are able to travel freely between the worlds with the gods permission, it seems apparent that the ancient Greeks saw the underworld as a place from which people could escape to return to the living if they had enough faithfulness or if they had a hero to aid them. This kind of belief is opposed to both Dantes belief and to the belief of the Christians who formed his audience. Dantes souls, perpetually trap in their state of torment, must continuously atone for their actions on earth.They are surrounded by the reminders of their sins, perhaps tormented by the very things that they desired in life. At times, their appearance is dramatically altered to match their crimes. The exactly hope for the souls in Hell is Judgment Day, at which time they whitethorn be redeemedor they may find themselves condemned to suffer end-to-end eternity. Even then, redeemed souls would not interact with the living instead, they would pass into Heaven. at once again, the difference be tween the two realms and their inhabitants may be explained by virtue of the perception of the audiences for which the poets were writing.To the Greeks, life in the underworld was not necessarily a punishment. Certainly, the inhabitants of the underworld could experience punishment, even that of a perpetual nature. One nigh(a) example of this kind of punishment would be Sisyphus, condemned to lock a bowlder to the top of a hill for eternity, only to have it escape him and roll to the bottom again before it reaches the peak. However, the underworld is a plane of existence to which all humans will eventually travel. The underworld itself is divided into sections that provide reward or punishment or which simply continues the miserable existence that people had when on earth.This difference is, once again, quite different from the lieu of the Christian audience served by Dante, which viewed the underworld for punishment only. It is this understanding of the underworld being for puni shment that would also limit the deads interaction with the living. Dantes dead are unable to access the living world and, when encountering the character of Dante, are unable to learn from what he tells them. They have no minds and no insight, unlike the dead that Odysseus encounters, who know that they are suffering and why and yet are unable to interact with the world of the living in order to minimize their experiences.The Shared Rule of the Underworld In The Odyssey, both Hades and his wife, Persephone, rule the underworld. Although Hades has control over the underworld as a whole, Persephone is the Queen of the Women, with the ability to overrule even her husband in control of that group. In terms of importance, while this difference might seem trivial to some readers, it is perhaps of greatest significance of all of these points. Hades is not omnipotent, in that Persephone has equal control, if not greater control in some aspects of ruling the underworld.She strikes fear in O dysseus heart equal to that of her husband, in that Odysseus describes Hades as mighty, but Persephone as being awful, which would be correspondent with her being terrifying. This kind of rule would be unsurprising to the ancient Greeks, who lived in a world control by many gods. It also paralleled the system of the gods on Mount Olympus, to a certain extent Hades and Persephone, who ruled the world of the dead, mirrored Zeus and Hera, who ruled the world of the living. To the Christians that formed Dantes audience, this arrangement would have been more than just a little shocking.Christians theology a single deity who, while He might have different and while He may employ different helpers in the angels and the saints, has dominion over the living and the dead. As with the ancient Greek deities, God and Satan somewhat mirror each other. Despite Satans impressive appearance in The Inferno, however, he is as much a prisoner of Hell as its other residents. In addition, Satan does not mirror Gods power rather, he is only competent of destruction, not creation. Conclusion In many ways, Dantes Inferno complements and corrects Homers The Odyssey.Both are tales that bring a hero into jobber with the underworld in order to achieve a particular goal. In the case of Odysseus, this goal is worldly and finite, while in the case of Dante, the goal is spiritual and may lead to eternal salvation. Several differences, among others, that indicate the antonymous and corrective nature of Dantes work are those of the nature of the various(prenominal) underworlds and the heroes interaction with the inhabitants, the knowledge that the dead have of the living world, and the shared rule that Hades and Persephone have over the ancient Greek underworld.The story of undaunted travels through the underworld is not a new one, neither was it new when Homer wrote The Odyssey. In the days of passing history and learning through oral means, such stories were necessary teaching tools. However, each culture imposed its morals and beliefs on this kind of tale. The different between these two stories provide an excellent example of how this cultural influence stamps this kind of heroic story with differences throughout history.