An Introduction to Iambic Pentameter

An Introduction to Iambic Pentameter When we speak of the meter of a poem, we are referring to its overall rhythm, or, more specifically, the syllables and words used to create that rhythm. One of the most interesting in literature is iambic pentameter, which  Shakespeare nearly always used when writing in verse. Most of his plays were also written in iambic pentameter, except for lower-class characters, who speak in prose. Iamb What Iamb In order to understand iambic pentameter, we must first understand what an iamb is. Simply, put an iamb (or iambus) is a unit of stressed and unstressed syllables that are used in a line of poetry. Sometimes called an iambic foot, this unit can be a single word of two syllables or two words of one syllable each. For instance, the word airplane is one unit, with air as the stressed syllable and plane as the unstressed. Likewise, the phrase the dog is one unit, with the as the unstressed syllable and dog as the stressed.   Putting the Feet Together Iambic pentameter refers to the number of total syllables in a line of poetry- in this case, 10, composed of five pairs of alternating unstressed and stressed syllables. So the rhythm ends up sounding like this: ba-BUM / ba-BUM / ba-BUM / ba-BUM / ba-BUM Most of Shakespeare’s famous lines fit into this rhythm. For example: If mu- / -sic be / the food / of love, / play on(Twelfth Night) But, soft! / What light / through yon- / -der win- / -dow breaks?(Romeo and Juliet) Rhythmic Variations In his plays, Shakespeare didn’t always stick to ten syllables. He often played around with iambic meter  to give color and feeling to his character’s speeches. This is the key to understanding Shakespeares language. For instance, he sometimes added an extra unstressed beat at the end of a line to emphasize a characters mood. This variation is called a feminine ending, and  this famous question is the perfect example: To be, / or not / to be: / that is / the ques- / -tion(Hamlet) Inversion Shakespeare also reverses the order of the stresses in some iambi to help emphasize certain words or ideas. If you look closely at the fourth iambus in the quote from Hamlet above, you can see how he has placed an emphasis on the word â€Å"that† by inverting the stresses. Occasionally, Shakespeare will completely break the rules and place two stressed syllables in the same iambus, as the following quotation demonstrates: Now is / the win- / -ter of / our dis- / content(Richard III) In this example, the fourth iambus emphasizes that it is â€Å"our discontent,† and the first iambus emphasizes that we are feeling this â€Å"now.† Why Is Iambic Pentameter Important? Shakespeare will always feature prominently in any discussion of iambic pentameter because he used the form with great dexterity, especially in his sonnets, but he did not invent it. Rather, it is a standard literary convention that has been used by many writers before and after Shakespeare. Historians are not sure how the speeches were read aloud- whether delivered naturally or with an emphasis on the stressed words. This is unimportant. What really matters is that the study of iambic pentameter gives us a glimpse into the inner workings of Shakespeare’s writing process, and marks him as a master of rhythm to evoke specific emotions, from dramatic to humorous.

7 Things to Do the Summer Before Starting Graduate School

7 Things to Do the Summer Before Starting Graduate School Starting graduate school this fall? Like most soon-to-be grad students you’re probably both excited and anxious for classes to begin. What should you do between now and the beginning of your first semester as a graduate student? Relax Although you may be tempted to read ahead and get an early start on your studies, you should make time to relax. You’ve spent years working to get through college and make it into graduate school. You’re about to spend more years in graduate school and face more challenges and higher expectations than you encountered in college. Avoid burnout before the semester even begins. Take time off to relax or you may find yourself fried by October. Try Not to Work This may not be possible for most students, but remember that is the last summer that you will be free from academic responsibilities. Graduate students work during the summer. They do research, work with their advisor, and perhaps teach summer classes. If you can, take the summer off from work. Or at least cut back on your hours. If you must work, make as much downtime as you can. Consider leaving your job, or if you plan to continue working during the school year, consider taking a vacation two to three weeks before the semester starts. Do whatever is necessary to begin the semester refreshed rather than burned out. Read for Fun Come fall, you’ll have little to no time to read for pleasure. When you have some time off, you’ll probably find that you don’t want to read as that’s how you’ll spend large chunks of your time. Get to Know Your New City If you are moving to attend grad school, consider moving earlier in the summer. Give yourself time to learn about your new home. Discover grocery stores, banks, places to eat, study, and where to grab coffee. Get comfortable in your new home before the whirlwind start of the semester. Something as simple as having all of your belongings stored away and being able to easily find them will reduce your stress and make it easier to start fresh. Get to Know Your Classmates Most incoming cohorts of graduate students have some means of getting in contact with each other, whether through an email list, Facebook group, LinkedIn group, or some other means. Take advantages of these opportunities, should they arise. Interactions with your classmates are an important part of your grad school experience. You’ll study together, collaborate on research, and eventually be professional contacts after graduation. These personal and professional relationships can last your entire career. Clean up Your Social Profiles If you haven’t done so prior to applying to graduate school, make some time to review your social media profiles. Are they set to Private? Do they present you in a positive, professional light? Ditch the college partying pics and posts with profanity. Clean up your Twitter profile and tweets as well. Anyone who works with you is likely to Google you. Don’t let them find material that makes them question your judgment. Keep Your Mind Agile: Prep a Little The key word is little. Read a few of your advisor’s papers- not everything. If you haven’t been matched with an advisor, read a bit about faculty members whose work interests you. Do not burn yourself out. Read a little simply to keep your mind active. Do not study. Also, keep an eye out for topics that interest you. Note a stimulating newspaper article or website. Don’t try to come up with a thesis, but simply note topics and ideas that intrigue you. Once the semester starts and you make contact with an advisor, you can sort through your ideas. Over the summer your goal should simply be to remain an active thinker. Overall, consider the summer before graduate school as a time to recharge and rest. Emotionally and mentally prepare yourself for the amazing experience to come. There will be plenty of time to work and you’ll face many responsibilities and expectations once graduate school begins. Take as much time off as you can- and have fun.

Answer the questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Answer the questions - Assignment Example When a huge asteroid will slam on the surface of earth, it will have the equivalent of a thousand nuclear bombs exploding simultaneously killing everything. Then the class help made me understand that the catastrophe will not just end there but in fact will have some geological and weather changes. The explosion will create a plume that will be sent into the atmosphere creating an unbearable winter or ice age that no human being or any living things could survive. It is just geologically impossible to drill through the steel hard rock of the asteroid. In addition to that, it is also physically impossible to work through the conditions of a flying asteroid with very little gravity. The article and the video summarizes the basic principles of how a nuclear reactor works. Nuclear energy is produced through thermal fission in power plants called thermal reactors. The fission is produced when thermal neutrons â€Å"move in thermal equilibrium with the environment they are in" At a temperature of 550F which corresponds to a velocity of about 3700 meters per second†. These neutrons strike a uranium-235 nucleus causing the nucleus to split into 2 unequally sized nuclei called fission fragments that contributes to the heating in the fuel. In sum, uranium rods are inserted or dipped into the water either to make boil to create energy such as in the case of boiling water reactors or to pressurized the heated water such as in the case of pressurized water reactors. There are two common kinds of nuclear reactor that produces energy. First is the boiling water reactors and pressurized water reactors. Boiling water reactors produce energy by boiling water where the steam is used to turn the turbines which creates the energy to become electricity. Pressurized Water  Reactors (also known as PWRs) on the other hand works differently from boiling water reactors as it instead keep the water in pressure so

BP Exploration Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

BP Exploration - Case Study Example Drawing on your previous analysis, to what extent do you believe BP Exploration's relative performance can be sustained in the medium term Over the last five years, BP Exploration has drawn on a number of resources and capabilities which keep it one of Britain's biggest companies and one of the largest oil and petrochemicals groups in the world. BP employs more than 65,000 people in 70 countries. BP Exploration is responsible for 60% of BP's worldwide revenue. It employs 60% of BP's staff and has more than 40 independent Assets.1 BP's work on oil and natural gas exploration and production, together with the management of crude oil and natural gas pipelines, processing and export terminals has led the company to many areas of the globe. BP Exploration has a wide resource base; already with strong positions in Alaska, the North Sea and North America, it is now developing major new fields in Angola, Azerbaijan, Trinidad, Algeria and in the Gulf of Mexico, with liquefied natural gas business expanding into the Asia Pacific Region. BP's TNK BP venture in Russia employs 100,000 people. It owns and operates five refineries through West Siberia, the Volga-Urals and East Siberia. The BTC Pipeline now runs 443km through Azerbaijan, 249km through Georgia and 1,076km through Turkey. The pipeline, buried its entire length, has eight pump stations. It is the first direct pipeline link between the Caspian Sea and the Mediterranean. BP hopes the BTC project will bring positive economic advantages to the region and avoid inc reasing oil traffic through the vulnerable Turkish Straits. In addition to BP Exploration's projects worldwide, BP promotes an 'Upstream' mindset - the company works towards long-term sustainable business, delivering superior service through cycle returns by having a greater share of large, low cost oil and gas fields.2 BP has implemented key successful strategies in order to remain a world leader. These are: making a stand on global warming and climate change; promoting an 'upward feedback' strategy in-house; and development of a business intelligence strategy. To a large degree BP Exploration's resources and capabilities are well aligned with its business plan, generating a competitive advantage for the company as a whole. In the late 1990's BP made a break with the petrochemical industry and set a precedent. The company's management understood it was good business to incorporate ecology into business and community strategic planning. In May 1997, BP CEO, John Brown gave a pioneering speech, announcing BP's decision to accept that climate change is occurring and its intention to do something about it. This move created BP a lot of attention from the world's media, environmentalists and politicians. BP was the first multi-national to make such a stand. It committed to reducing greenhouse emissions and to joining international efforts in minimising greenhouse emissions. Solar energy was officially made a priority, on a par with BP's three other business ventures: exploration, oil and chemicals.3 In-house, BP's 'upward feedback strategy', was designed to create a greater sense of job satisfaction for employees while working in harmony with the company's growth. Senior management was determined to achieve a more open style in the workplace; based on committed teams engaged in open, honest communication to plan and achieve corporate,

Recommendations For Diagnosis, Treatment, And Management Of Asthma Essay

Recommendations For Diagnosis, Treatment, And Management Of Asthma - Essay Example Shortness of breath, as well as an individual’s experiencing either wheezing and coughing, are the major symptoms of asthma that are known. An asthmatic attack may get dangerous if it lasts for more than 12 hours without any intervention and if the airway is obstructed (Kaufman, 2012). Symptoms like the bluish coloration of the lips and rapid pulse are dangerous signs of severe attack. In diagnosis, spirometry measures the total volume of oxygen that is inspired against that which is expired by the lungs. In the assessment of the status of the airwave, children with asthma who are of seven years or more should have spirometry performed on them in order to measure how severe the airway is obstructed (NHS, 2012). Triggers of Asthma and the Risk Factors Among the triggers of asthma are food preservatives that are found in foods that are either processed or prepared by various food manufacturing companies. An example of such a food preservative is sodium metabisulfite which is in the group of sulfite additives; it triggers asthma in those who are sensitive (Toole, 2013). There are certain risk factors that have been identified to trigger or contribute to the occurrence of asthma and are important in the easy identification of those individuals who are most at risk to develop asthma and those prevention strategies that are effective in managing the condition. These include smoking by the parent, especially when the child is still an infant, or the smoking by the mother when the child has not been born yet. The family history of asthma and exposure early in life makes a child more predisposed to suffer from asthma (Zahran, Person, Bailey & Moorman, 2012). Management of Asthma Arterial blood gas and lung function test will help in the diagnosis of this condition.

Microbial Clean-up of POPs in a Subsurface Environment

Microbial Clean-up of POPs in a Subsurface Environment Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) consist of a wide range of contaminants with each group presenting different challenges and having different processes for bioremediation. Although Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are not a POP under the Stockholm Convention, they are widespread in the environment and can be toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic. Specific PAHs are seldom found in isolation and interactions can increase the aforementioned properties (15). This paper describes a new product for the clean-up of PAHs in a subsurface environment. A new product for the clean-up of PAHs will be described including factors that could enhance or limit its potential, based on technical and literature reviews. The engineering and legal aspects of applying the product will also be examined. 3.1 Metabolic Characteristic of PAH Degradation Product       The majority of research into PAH degradation has focused on aerobic rather than anaerobic processes so this product has been designed using findings from aerobic studies (15). Constituents of this product are shown in Figure 1. Indigenous bacteria may have evolved more efficient pathways and enzymes to degrade PAHs compared to commonly cultivated microorganisms (15). If these are present only the biostimulation part of the product may be required to feed the bacteria or change groundwater chemistry to create favourable growth conditions. If the existing biomass is not viable or doesnt contain specific genes or species capable of degrading PAHs, the bacteria consortia part of the product can be introduced as well. In addition, more bacterial species are capable of degrading low molecular weight (LMW) PAHs compared to high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs and if testing shows the indigenous bacteria only possess strains able to degrade LWM PAHs the bacteria consortia part of the product should be used. A consortia can be more effective than one particular strain due to metabolic diversity and co-operative metabolic activates for example where products produced by one strain are further degraded by other strains possessing suitable catabolic pathways (8) A consortia cannot be formed by simply mixing any bacterial strains know to degrade PAHs as they may not be compatible or form co-operative metabolic activities (17). Also pre-exposure of bacteria to hydrocarbons has be shown to increase the degradation rate (11). Therefore the most effective remediation may be achieved by developing a consortia from inoculants isolated from an environment impacted by long term contamination. The consortium in this product consists of 4 strains: Pseudomonas (MTS-1, KC3), Cupriavidus (MTS-7) and Bacillus (KC5) and was formed by enriching and isolating bacteria from a manufactured gas plant site (17). The strains were then identified through molecular cloning and gene sequencing, mixed and the most effective PAH degrading consortia selected. The consortia has been shown to degrade PAHs in soil slurry by 80-90% for LMW PAHs and 60-70% for HMW PAHs compared to natural attenuation rates of 55% and 40% for LMW and HMW PAHs respectively. Figure 2 shows the upper pathway for the aerobic degradation of PAHs. HMW PAHs are degraded first followed by LMW PAHs and carbon dioxide and water formed as by-products (5). Dioxygenases are intracellular so PAHs must be taken in by cells for degradation to take place. Degradation rates depend on the mass transfer rates of contaminants from the solid or bound phase to the aqueous phase where they are bioavailable (8).   This can be increased by increasing the surface area between the substrate and the aqueous phase through the addition of surfactants (8). Concentrations of PAHs in the aqueous phase are proportional to the amount of surfactant available (8,11). For increased efficiency the biostimulation part of this product contains surfactants that have been shown to solubilize benzo[a]pyrene from the soil by 1000 times more than its water solubility plus all strains in the consortia are biosurfactant producers (13) (17). 3.2 Genetic Modification Degradation rates could be increased by molecular cloning of genes responsible for PAH degradation, into highly replicating plasmids in bacteria (8). Genetic engineering could also be used to introduce or modify membrane proteins to facilitate transportation of hydrophobic POPs into the cellular interiors of microbes or cells could be modified to enable catabolic reactions on their surface (2). Alternatively, protein engineering could enhanced degradative capabilities by modifying catabolic enzymes so one strain can catabolize several POPs or so catabolic enzymes can degrade dead end products (2). Genetic engineering is expensive, can be controversial, there may be difficulties in getting genetically engineered microbes to survive in the environment and gene transfer among microbes in the environment may lead to the emergence of new species (2) (4). It was therefore decided not to use genetic engineering due to cost and it would unlikely be acceptable to a regulator. (alex) 4.1 Factors That Could Enhance or Limit Potential of Product 4.1.1 Properties of Pollutant The longer an organic substance remains in contact with soil the more the bioavailability decreases due to the formation of bound residues. Bioavailability is the ability to be transported across a cell membrane for intercellular metabolism as with this product or the availability for extracellular metabolism. PAHs can also get trapped in coal tar or black carbon particles reducing their bioavailability () The bioavailability of POPs is low due to their high octanol/water partition coefficient (Kow) meaning they are relatively hydrophobic whereas microbes and their catalytic enzymes are optimised for hydrophilic surroundings.   LMW 2-3 ring PAHs such as anthracene with lower Kow values, high water solubility and volatility are more mobile and therefore more rapidly degradable compared to HMW 4-7 ring PAHs such as Benzol[g,h,i]perylene which may be mutagenic and carcinogenic (4)(8). 4.1.2 Properties of Contaminated Environment The concentrations of soil organic matter and inorganic material effects the bioavailability of pollutants and reduces the survival of exogenous microorganisms (3). Where there is high organic and clay content PAHs are protected by sorption to organic matter and diffusion into micropores, thus limiting their degradation (4). Temperature will impact the product as the rate of organic pollutant desorption from soil to aqueous phase increases as temp increases. For PAHs the soil water partition-coefficient decreases by 20-30% for every 10oc rise in temperature between 5 and 45oc (11). In addition with increased temperature dissolved oxygen decreases and the ability of the bacteria to cope with temperature ranges may affect the product performance (4)(15). Lack of soil nutrients, bioavailability of carbon sources, presence of additional pollutants have been shown to inhibit biodegradation by affecting the physiology and ecology of microorganisms (17) (4). However, as shown in Table 1, this product contains nutrients and a carbon source for biostimulation. Heavy metal contamination is often found with PAHs but this product is designed with metal tolerant bacterial strains (17). The bacteria in this product are most efficient at degrading PAHs near pH7 so pH adjusters are also included. Other properties of the contaminated environment that could affect the products potential include adverse effects in soil microcosm due to competition between indigenous and exogenous microorganisms and interactions of the inoculated bacteria with protozoa and bacteriophages (3). Low soil water content will result in decreased substrate availability and may have physiological effects on microorganisms due to cell dehydration (3). 4.2 Engineering Challenges for Field Application of Product Figure 2 shows the stages in the field application of the product which needs to be tailored to site specific conditions. The product will be sold in the form a soluble injection compound that will be injected upstream of groundwater flow through injection wells, extracted downstream and recirculated. Table 2 shows some of the engineering challenges in the application of the product. 4.3 Legal Framework for Field Application of Product Local Authorities are responsible for determining if land or waters are contaminated and are the lead regulator except for Special Sites where SEPA is responsible. As shown in table XXX contamination can be addressed through the contaminated land regime under Part 2A of the Environmental Protection Act 1990 or though planning controls. Whenever possible remediation should be carried out by agreements with the enforcing authority rather than by means of a Remediation Notice. If a notice is served it will specify the action required and timescales. A mobile plant licence may be required for the treatment of contaminated land and may be regarded as an authorisation for the treatment of groundwater under The Water Environment (Controlled Activities) (Scotland) Regulations 2011 (9). When SEPA issue such a license a site specific working plan must be agreed with them. Soil Guideline Values (SGVs) represent trigger levels for concentrations of pollutants in soils that may pose a risk to human health. They dont represent the threshold at which harm occurs or unacceptable levels in terms of Part 2A of the Environmental Protection Act 1990 but they may be a starting point for the risk assessment process for determining if the land is contaminated or remediation has been successful (6).   There are no statutory standards for soil contamination as site specific risk assessment taking into account the sources, pathways and receptors affecting a particular site (7). The first part of the product is the biostimulation part containing elements to promote bacterial growth, a source of carbon, pH adjusters, an oxygen release compound and surfactants to increase the bioavailability of PAHs. If the indigenous bacteria are not capable of degrading PAHs present the bioaugmentation part should also be used. The bacterial strains in the consortia are biosurfactant producers and are capable of degrading HMW PAHs. The legal framework requires a site specific approach to the use of the product. Also the field application needs to be tailored to site specific conditions with environmental monitoring before, during and after application.   

Children of Heaven Review

Children of Heaven This movie made me very thankful for everything I have in my life, including my shoes. I found it sad that All could not Just speak up for himself. If All would have asked the man working the grocery store about the shoes, then he might not go to all the trouble in the first place. I found it sad that the children had to work, and never got to play. The quality of life for this family bothered me deeply, and it made me blessed for the childhood that I had. The kids in this movie worked almost as servants to the adults, maintained pristine manors, and showed great perseverance.I noticed most of the adults in the movie were very strict, stern, and seemed like they were not afraid to beat a child. All made some of the highest grades in his class despite his hardships, he was a responsible kid. I Just don't understand why he did not speak up about the shoes to his teacher, principle, or coach. It was sad to see kids having to stick together, and share a pair of shoes t o prevent one of them from getting a beating. All's sister should have asked the other girl wearing her shoes, where she got them.The girl may have Just given them to her in exchange for the en, or when she received her new shoes. This movie was one hardship after another, heartbreaking for me to watch. It makes me want to donate shoes for children who may not have any at all. It was sad to see people In the movie live In lavish mansion, and then compare It to All's home. All's dad was paid very good for his gardening work, this money would be a precious asset to his family. When the man at the mosque gave All's dad the tools, this showed how the Islamic community supported the others In need. Overall It seemed Like a rough situation to me.

Executions be replaced by life without parole Essay

In criminal law, life sentence or life without parole means putting to jail somebody for the rest of his/her life for the crimes committed whereas death sentence means executing those criminals who are found guilty of committing some very serious crimes like murder, attempted coup or raping. Myself I am not an advocate of capital sentence but I support life sentence. Life without parole is also known as determinate life sentence. It means being sentenced to life imprisonment without any possibility of being released in future. American government spends a lot of money by executing criminals than it spends in giving life sentence. For this reason and others I think executions in America should be replaced by life without parole. Execution in Texas is not something new. In 1980 there were two men who were alleged to have killed a clerk somewhere, both of them fired shots at the clerk but it is not clear who exactly killed the clerk though both of them admitted to have fired at the clerk. To the corridors of justice it did not matter whether it was one of them or both who killed so long as they agreed to have fired and killed the clerk. One of these men was called Mr. Nicholas he was twenty years old when he was arrested but was executed when he was forty five years old. In this case, I don’t think justice was done. This is a good example of many cases where justice is not allowed to take its course. The state should have tried to establish who between the two killed the clerk. In a case like this one a person who is innocent can be killed and he is not given a chance to argue his case. Therefore on this basis I condemn execution of prisoners instead, they should be given life sentence. This is the only practical thing and reasonable method whereby the offenders can be given time to reassess themselves. Again they continue living though they are not necessarily free. About half of the total criminals who are executed in America come from Texas. It has the highest number of executions in America. It contravenes one of the Ten Commandments that Moses was given by God In the past, capital sentence was highly valued but of late it is not. In fact many states in USA have abolished it. In the past decades the argument was that capital sentence deters crime, it was a religious conviction or what is called the Law of Moses an ‘eye for an eye’ or ‘tooth for a tooth’. It was also thought that the states were spending huge sums of money feeding, clothing and providing healthcare for murderers, rapists and other dangerous criminals. This seemed to be silly and outrageous but now the argument has changed. In fact the former supporters of capital sentence are now singing a different tune. Today, the argument is that USA is finding it very expensive to execute criminals than to jail them for life. Surely, this is something that any sensible person should see. All states should awake to the fact that USA is wasting a lot of money in executing criminals instead of using this money on development projects that can benefit all. For example in North Carolina (Gold R. 2002; 89) about two million dollars are spent on effecting execution. When you compare capital sentence and life sentence, a person sentenced for life only needs to be fed, clothed, treated and guarded. Therefore it is cheaper to life imprison than to execute. The reasons why capital sentence should be abolished are that, the death row convicts spend a lot of money trying to fight for their freedom. They must hire lawyers who charge them exorbitantly so that they could argue about their fate, the process of appealing has become more protracted. Like in the case mentioned above, the convict spent about 25 years in jail before his life was terminated. Justice delayed is justice denied. The state spent alot of money to keep him than it could have spent if he was jailed for life. The reason why the execution process is long is that an innocent person may sometimes be executed. Therefore a lot of time is taken to dig in for finer details that could prove beyond reasonable doubts that the person alleged to have committed the crime really did it. According to the governor of Maryland his country spent 22. 4 million US dollars to execute death penalties. This money could have been used to pay at least 500 extra policemen a year or provide drugs for treating 10,000 drug addicts. He said when this money is used on other projects that are useful apart from executing law breakers, it becomes an investment that save lives and reduce violent crimes (www. Amnestyusa. Org;/Abolish) Most of the methods used to carry out death penalties should be abolished for they contravene human rights. A person is subjected to a very nasty experience that even the executors could not like to imagine themselves in. For example in lethal injections, a person is subjected to excruciating pain. The poison is injected to the criminal. It contains pancoronium bromide for killing his nerves and potassium chloride which is used to stop the heart beat. Sometimes the dose injected might not be enough or not well mixed. In such a case the victim takes longer than it should to die. The prisoner dies in intense pain from asphyxiation. For example there was a case in Florida whereby the executor missed to inject the drug in a vein and put it in the muscle. The victim died after 34th minute. During this period the victim writhed, grimaced and groaned suggesting that he was in pain. Another instance that shows that capital sentence violates human rights is of Saddam Hussein; the former president of Iraq. He was executed on 30th December 2006 during his execution, when the platform dropped, Saddam’s neck was broken and it could be heard at a distance that indeed his neck was broken. His body was left suspended on the noose for a few minutes before it was confirmed by the doctor that he was dead. The actual pictures were posted on the internet are horrific. The crimes he committed could not be compensated by his life plus the amount of money that was spent since his search begun trial and execution. According to (Baicker K. 2001; 12-27) more than 100 billion US dollars were spent. All this money was spent just because of one person. His trial was complicated and protracted. The much that was spent on his trial was more than what could have been used to keep him alive for the rest of life or be used to take care of other prisoners. Another reason why I am an ardent supporter of life sentence over capital sentence is that the criminals who are executed are like any other citizens who contribute to the economic. They play vital role in the economy. Some of them are even businessmen, doctors, teachers etc. The part they played could not be played by another person. So when a person is executed, the nation at large goes at a loss. These people could be taken to prison hospitals, schools and other businesses to offer their services there until they die and these people are not paid so, it is like killing two birds with one stone. States should also know that most of these criminals who are executed, some of them are highly educated and have different professions. The state has used a lot of its resources in educating them. Thus instead of taking all this money to waste, it should take advantage of their education by reaping some benefits from it instead of incurring a double loss. That is by trying and executing somebody whom the state has invested its resources on. Governments should reconsider their decision on capital sentence by trying to look this issue from an economist stand point. While still on this topic, I think USA should look and analyze capital sentence from an economic perspective. For example when a criminal who is the sole breadwinner is executed, his/her family lands in a sea of troubles. A family that was capable of providing itself with food starts depending on the government to provide to it everything that it needs. This becomes a burden to the government because it has to increase its budgetary allocation on the orphans funds and other unfortunate members of the society. Currently, US government spends les on poor families. I think it is because of many reasons abolition of capital sentence included. I think if it could be used as in the past decades, this cost would amazingly go up In California (Maganini S. 1988; 750-902) death penalty spends 114 million US dollars which is more than what is spent on life sentence. In executions according to the 2005 Los Angeles times study, California tax payers part with more than 250 US million dollars to finance a single execution. This government spends 11. million dollars on appointed counsel for those convicts who are in the death row and 12 million US dollars are spent by the federal government on defending death row convicts who are presented to federal courts. In 2005 according to the governor of California (Los Angeles Times) he needed 230 million US dollars to construct a new death row. In Kansas it was estimated that in 2003, its government used 70% more than the cost of executing other non-death penal ties. With all facts and figures put on the table, I do not think there is any person who can still argue for the continuity of death penalty. It is costly, unfair and inconsequential.

13 High Paying Non Office Jobs

13 High Paying Non Office Jobs Okay, so you don’t want to sit behind a desk for the rest of your life.  The good news is: there are plenty of good jobs that don’t require 40 hours a week in front of a computer. And some of them pay really well. Here are 13 of the highest-paying jobs out there for anyone who just can’t sit there staring at their screen a moment longer.1. Mail CarrierWork for the postal service, sorting and delivering mail. Median annual pay: over $58k.2. BoilermakerConstruct and assemble boilers and other such structures. Median annual pay: around $60k.3. First-Line SupervisorSupervise construction trades and extraction workers. Make median pay of roughly $62k per year.4. Subway OperatorOperate a subway car (or a streetcar or elevated commuter train). Median income: over $63k per year.5. Signal or Track Switch RepairerMake sure all the systems, switches, and section lines are running smoothly in a rail system. Median pay: nearly $64k per year.6. Farm or Ranch ManagerCoordinat e the management and operation of agricultural businesses. Computer importance: only 41 out of 100. Median annual salary? over $64k.7. Power-Line Installer or RepairerWork in electrics installing or repairing cables or power systems.The median pay is well over $66k per year.8. Transportation InspectorInspect and monitor transportation equipment, vehicles, systems, etc. (for everything except aviation) to make sure safety standards and regulations are met. The median pay is almost $71k per year.9. Ship EngineerSupervise and coordinate the activities of a ship’s crew below and above decks. Median pay: almost $73k per year.10. AcupuncturistTrain to treat people using this ancient Chinese remedy. You could make almost $75k per year.11. Ship, Boat, or Barge MateSupervise or coordinate crew activities aboard numerous kinds of vessels. You can make almost $77k per year in median pay.12. Anesthesiologist AssistantAssist anesthesiologists in and out of surgery and monitor patient stat us and care. The median pay is high: over $98k per year.13. OBGYNIf you can get yourself through med school and become an obstetrician/gynecologist, you can make a whopping $187k+ median annual pay.

7 Dramatic Monologues by Greek Playwright Sophocles

7 Dramatic Monologues by Greek Playwright Sophocles Here is a collection of ancient yet profound dramatic speeches from The Oedipus Plays by Greek playwright Sophocles. Each dramatic monologue is ideal as a classical audition piece. Also, English students can use them as study resources for analyzing the characters. Antigone’s Defiant Monologue: This scene is a favorite from Antigone and is an excellent exercise for a young female performer. Antigone delivers this commanding speech, defying the laws of the king in order to follow her conscience. Shes a stubborn young woman, intent on civil disobedience in order to fulfill her family obligations and what she believes is a higher law of the gods. She will risk punishment rather than settle for a noble life without honoring her dead brother.Creon from Antigone:  At the beginning of the  play,  Creon sets up the conflict that will lead to Antigones defiance. His two nephews, Antigones brothers, died in a duel over the throne. Creon inherits the throne by default and gives one a hero’s funeral while determining the other was a traitor whose body should rot unburied. Antigone rebels against this and buries her brother, resulting in her punishment. Besides this monologue, there is another at the end of the play  that is also worth y. In the play’s finale, the antagonistic Creon realizes that his stubbornness has led to his family’s demise. That is an  intense, gut-wrenching monologue. The Chorus from Oedipus at Colonus: Greek Drama isn’t always dark and depressing. The Chorus monologue is a peaceful and poetic monologue describing the mythic beauty of Athens.Jocasta from Oedipus the King: Here, the mother/wife of Oedipus Rex offers some psychiatric advice. She tries to allay his anxiety over the prophecy that he would kill his father and marry his mother, unaware that both have already occurred. Freud must have loved this speech.Antigone’s End: Towards the end of her young life, Antigone contemplates her actions and her fate. She is sentenced to be walled up in a cave and die a slow death for her defiance of the kings edict. She maintains that she made the correct choice, yet she wonders why the gods have not yet intervened to bring justice in her situation.Ismene from Antigone: Antigone’s sister, Ismene, is often overlooked in student essays, which makes her a terrific topic to analyze. This dramatic monologue reveals the duplicitous nature o f her character. She is the beautiful, dutiful, outwardly obedient and diplomatic counter to her stubborn and defiant sister. Yet, they have lost both of their parents and their two brothers to suicide and duels. She counsels a safer course of obedience to the law, to live another day. Oedipus the King: This monologue is a classic cathartic moment. Here, Oedipus realizes the wretched truth about himself, his parents, and the terrible power of fate. He has not escaped what fate foretold, he has killed his father and married his mother. Now, his wife/mother has committed suicide and has blinded himself, determined to become an outcast until he dies.

Electronic Publishing Marketing And Business Issues Essay

Electronic Publishing Marketing And Business Issues - Essay Example This essay stresses that for many years, academic libraries have seen an unprecedented increase in cost of journal subscriptions particularly in the science, technology, and medica publishing arena. Scholarly publishers and academic libraries are included in what is referred to as the â€Å"serial crisis†. The technological development added a new dimension to the crisis by providing both new solution and challenges. This report makes a conclusion that the marketplace for scholarly publishing has developed in a way that challenge libraries’ and publisher’s ability to acquire the works needed by their users. Rapidly rising journal subscription prices have made it difficult to purchase the publications necessary for research and education. Publishers of all types are exploring a range of new subscription models such as free online scholarly publishing, e-journals, hybrid paper-electronic journals, author posting to their own web sites, and self-archiving to institutional in response to the opportunities and challenges that have appeared. No one model has proven advantageous over the others. The future of scholarly publishers is hard to predict. Economic pressures and information technology progress lead to new look at the future for scholarly publishers. Developing effective, sustainable, quality and economically viable models is the key for successful future to scholarly publishers. It might be difficult to predict the future of electronic publishing, but it is possible to improve it.

Horizon Automation System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Horizon Automation System - Essay Example The standards based system provides an interface for remote public access and inter library operations like ILL (Inter Library Loaning). The main features of the library automation system are described as: Online Catalogs - Anglo American Cataloguing Rules (AACR) are used for constructing catalogues in the library system. The cataloguing is done based on the two classes of materials: monographs and continuing resources. AACR2 (AACR 2nd edition) defines "monograph" as: The serial is a continuing resource issued in a succession of discrete parts, usually bearing numbering, that has no predetermined conclusion. E.g. journals, magazines, newspapers, and monographic series. The integrating resource is the work that is updated and integrated into the whole. E.g. updating web sites. Authority Record - provide information about individual names, subjects and uniform titles that are used in the bibliographic records, e.g. Author, Publisher, etc. Authority records provide cross-references in the catalogues. Record Creation - The bibliographic record is created in the library system when CIP (Catalogue-In-Publication) record is received from the bibliography publishing agency or is locally entered. The holdings and item records are created when the physical object is received. Record Edit - The record is edited when either an update to t... The bibliographic record must exist before holdings record is created. Item Record - identifies a physical piece - book, CD, etc and links it to a barcode number that is used for circulation. Authority Record - provide information about individual names, subjects and uniform titles that are used in the bibliographic records, e.g. Author, Publisher, etc. Authority records provide cross-references in the catalogues. Record Creation - The bibliographic record is created in the library system when CIP (Catalogue-In-Publication) record is received from the bibliography publishing agency or is locally entered. The holdings and item records are created when the physical object is received. Record Edit - The record is edited when either an update to the CIP record is received (any modifications in the published information), the item is made available to the library, or if there are any modifications to any of the field information in the item catalogue. Record Import - The import of a record is performed when the requested information is not available in the local library system. The search request is submitted through the Z39.50 client to the preferred partners (OCLC server) who can loan the desired item. The server returns the requested record. MARC Record Management The MARC formats are the standards for the representation and communication of bibliographic and related information in machine-readable form. The cataloguing information is maintained on the typed cards and in online bibliographic records as: Author Title Edition Place of Publication Publisher Date of Publication Subject Headings, Etc. The Library of Congress needed to develop software which allowed cataloguers to enter their